matplotlib基礎學習

 

 

 

 

In [1]:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

In [2]:

#設置顯示中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Arial Unicode MS']

Out[2]:

<Figure size 2400x1600 with 0 Axes>

 

<Figure size 2400x1600 with 0 Axes>

 

折線圖¶

In [10]:

x = range(0,120)
y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]

plt.figure(figsize = (15,10),dpi = 80)
plt.title("10點到12點每分鐘的氣溫變化狀況")
xticks_label = ["10點:{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
xticks_label += ["11點:{}分".format(i) for i in range(60)]
plt.xticks(list(x)[::5],xticks_label[::5],rotation = 45)

plt.xlabel("時間")
plt.ylabel("溫度（℃）")

plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

#plt.savefig("./t1.png")

 

In [31]:

y_1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y_2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]
x = range(11,31)

plt.figure(figsize = (15,10),dpi = 80)

x_label = ["{}歲".format(i) for i in x]
plt.plot(x_label,y_1,label="本身",color="#F08080")
plt.plot(x_label,y_2,label="同桌",color="#DB7093",linestyle="--")
#plt.plot(x,y_1,label="本身",color="#F08080")
#plt.plot(x,y_2,label="同桌",color="#DB7093",linestyle="--")
#plt.xticks(x,x_label)
plt.grid(alpha=0.7,linestyle=":")
plt.legend(loc="upper left")

plt.show()

 

 

散點圖¶

In [25]:

y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10),dpi=80)
plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3月")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10,label="10月")

x_label = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3][::3] + ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10][::3]
plt.xticks(list(x_3)[::3]+list(x_10)[::3],x_label,rotation=270)
plt.legend(loc="upper left")

plt.show()

 

 

條形圖¶

In [29]:

a = ["戰狼2","速度與激情8","功夫瑜伽","西遊伏妖篇","變形金剛5：最後的騎士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盜5：死無對證","金剛：骷髏島","極限特工：終極迴歸","生化危機6：終章","乘風破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大鬧天竺","金剛狼3：殊死一戰","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","悟空傳","銀河護衛隊2","情聖","新木乃伊",]
b = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10),dpi=80)
#plt.bar(a,b,color="orange")

#注意使用barh時調整條形寬度用height參數
plt.barh(a,b,height=0.3,color="orange")
plt.show()

 

In [41]:

a = ["猩球崛起3：終極之戰","敦刻爾克","蜘蛛俠：英雄歸來","戰狼2"]
x = range(len(a))
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
bar_width = 0.2

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10),dpi=80)
plt.bar([i - bar_width for i in x],b_14,width=bar_width,label="14日")
plt.bar(a,b_15,width=0.2,label="15日")
plt.bar([i + bar_width for i in x],b_16,width=bar_width,label="16日")

plt.legend(loc="upper left")

plt.show()

 

 

柱形圖¶

In [50]:

#原始，未經統計的數據
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

#print(max(a)-min(a)) 必須能夠被整除
d=3
num_bins = (max(a) - min(a))//d

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10),dpi=80)
plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True)  #density是否歸一化
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid(alpha=0.7)

plt.show()

 

In [58]:

#通過統計的數據
interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]

plt.figure(figsize=(15,10),dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(len(quantity)),quantity,width=1,edgecolor="white")

#讓標籤左移
x_label = [i-0.5 for i in range(len(interval)+1)]
plt.xticks(x_label,interval+[150])

plt.show()

 

 

經常使用製圖工具¶

* echarts
* seaborn
* plotlyhttps://matplotlib.org/gallery/index.html