數據庫的主從複製

轉載mysql

mariadb的主從複製、主主複製、半同步複製配置詳解

轉載自:mariadb的主從複製、主主複製、半同步複製配置詳解linux

主從服務器的時間要同步,數據庫版本最好是一致的,以避免形成函數處理、日誌讀取、日誌解析等發生異常。sql

如下三個主從複製的設置是獨立的。數據庫

注意防火牆和selinux的影響。vim

一、簡單主從複製的實現

(1)主服務器的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server服務器

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-servermarkdown

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件session

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnfide

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容函數

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義二進制日誌文件名)

3)受權能夠複製本地數據庫信息的主機

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啓動mariadb server)
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
 
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務器的狀態信息,在從服務器中要用到)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進制日誌文件)
  Position: 497 (所處的位置)
 Binlog_Do_DB: 
Binlog_Ignore_DB:

(2)從服務器的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進制日誌文件名)

3)設置要從哪一個主服務器的那個位置開始同步

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497;
 
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (啓動複製功能)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看從服務器的狀態,下面顯示的是部份內容)
 Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
 Master_User: repluser
 Master_Port: 3306
 Connect_Retry: 60
 Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497
 Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
 Relay_Log_Pos: 530
 Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes 
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 Master_Server_Id: 1

(3)測試

1)在主服務器導入事先準備好的數據庫

[root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb.sql

2)在從服務器查看是否同步

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database   |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb   |(數據庫已經同步)
| mysql    |
| performance_schema |
| test    |
+--------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb數據庫的表也是同步的)
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes   |
| coc    |
| courses   |
| scores   |
| students   |
| teachers   |
| toc    |
+-------------------+

二、雙主複製的實現

(1)服務器1的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1 (id號不能跟從服務器相同)
log-bin = master-log (自定義主服務器的二進制日誌文件名)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義從服務器的二進制日誌文件名)
auto_increment_offset = 1 
auto_increment_increment = 2

3)在服務器2上查看的master狀態

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   File: master-log.000003
  Position: 422
 Binlog_Do_DB: 
Binlog_Ignore_DB:

4)啓動mariadb server並進行以下配置

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422;
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (僅是部份內容)
  Master_Host: 10.1.51.50
  Master_User: repluser
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
  Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002
  Relay_Log_Pos: 530
  Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Master_Server_Id: 2

(2)服務器2的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
lob-bin = master-log
auto_increment_offset = 2 
auto_increment_increment = 2

3)在服務器1查看master狀態

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
            File: master-log.000003
        Position: 245
    Binlog_Do_DB: 
Binlog_Ignore_DB:

4)啓動mariadb server並配置

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (僅是部份內容) 
  Master_Host: 10.1.51.60
  Master_User: repluser
  Master_Port: 3306
  Connect_Retry: 60
  Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422
  Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003
  Relay_Log_Pos: 530
  Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003
  Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  Master_Server_Id: 1

(3)測試

1)在任意一臺服務器上建立mydb數據庫

MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;

2)在另外一臺服務器上查看

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database   |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mydb    |
| mysql    |
| performance_schema |
| test    |
+--------------------+

三、半同步複製的實現

(1)在主服務器上的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1
log-bin = master-log

3)受權能夠複製本地數據庫信息的主機

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (啓動mariadb server)
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repluser'@'10.1.51.%' identified by 'replpasswd';
 MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
 
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服務器的狀態信息,在從服務器中要用到)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二進制日誌文件)
  Position: 245 (所處的位置)
 Binlog_Do_DB: 
Binlog_Ignore_DB:

4)安裝rpl semi sync_master插件,並啓用

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 
MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;

補充:

MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;(可查看插件是否激活)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';(可查看安裝的插件是否啓用)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';(可查看從服務器的個數,此時是0個)

(2)從服務器的配置

1)安裝mariadb-server

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2 (id號不能跟主服務器相同)
relay-log = slave-log (自定義二進制日誌文件名)

3)設置要從哪一個主服務器的那個位置開始同步

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;

4)安裝rpl semi sync_slave插件並啓用

[root@localhost ~]# mysql 
 
 MariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
 MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
 MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

完成上面配置後,能夠在主服務器上查看半同步複製的相關信息,命令以下:

MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';
 Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 (從服務器有一臺)

(3)測試

測試以我的實際狀況而定

1)在主服務器上導入事先準備好的數據庫hellodb.sql

MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;

2)在主服務器上查看半同步複製的狀態

MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File    | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-log.000003 |  8102 |    |     |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 
MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients    | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time  | 1684 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time   | 60630 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits    | 36 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times    | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx     | 1  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status    | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures  | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time  | 1884 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time   | 65965 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits    | 35 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions   | 0  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx    | 35 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+

3)在從服務器上查看是否同步

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;

四、半同步複製的優化

基於上面的半同步複製配置複製的過濾器,複製過濾最好在從服務器上設置,步驟以下

(1)從服務器的配置

1)關閉mariadb server

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service

2)編輯/etc/my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]段的最後添加如下內容

skip_name_resolve = ON
 innodb_file_per_table = ON
 server-id = 2
 relay-log = slave-log
 replicate-do-db = mydb (只複製mydb數據庫的內容)

補充:經常使用的過濾選項以下

Replicate_Do_DB=
Replicate_Ignore_DB=
Replicate_Do_Table=
Replicate_Ignore_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=

3)重啓mariadb server

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service

4)重啓mariadb server後,半同步複製功能將被關閉,所以要從新啓動

MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled  | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
 
MariaDB [(none)]> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;
MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;(需先關閉從服務器複製功能再重啓)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;

(2)測試

1)主服務器上的hellodb數據庫建立一個新表semitable

MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);

2)在從服務器上查看hellodb數據庫是否有semitable

MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb
MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(並無)
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_hellodb |
+-------------------+
| classes   |
| coc    |
| courses   |
| scores   |
| students   |
| teachers   |
| toc    |
+-------------------+

3)在主服務器上建立mydb數據庫,併爲其建立一個tbl1表

MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;

4)在從服務器上查看mydb數據庫的是否有tbl1表

MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb;
MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (能夠查看到)
+----------------+
| Tables_in_mydb |
+----------------+
| tbl1   |
+----------------+
相關文章
相關標籤/搜索