ORACLE數據庫平常維護

ORACLE 平常維護手冊

查看數據庫版本

SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

查看數據庫語言環境

SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;

查看ORACLE實例狀態

SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS

FROM V$INSTANCE;

查看ORACLE監聽狀態

lsnrctl status

 

查看數據庫歸檔模式

SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;

查看回收站中對象

SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN;

 

清空回收站中對象

PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

 

還原回收站中的對象

FLASHBACK TABLE "BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;

閃回誤刪除的表

FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP;

 

閃回表中記錄到某一時間點

ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;

FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

查看當前會話

SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;

查看DDL鎖

SELECT *

  FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS

 WHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';

檢查等待事件

SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT

  FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1

 WHERE WAIT_CLASS <> 'Idle'

   AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

檢查數據文件狀態

SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

檢查表空間使用狀況

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空間名",

　　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空間大小(M)",

  　D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空間(M)",

　　TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2),

　　'990.99') "使用比",

　　F.TOTAL_BYTES "空閒空間(M)",

　　F.MAX_BYTES "最大塊(M)"

　　FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,

　　ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,

　　ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES

　　FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE

　　GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,

　　(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,

　　ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB

　　FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD

　　GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D

　　WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME

　　ORDER BY 4 DESC;

收縮表空間

ALTER TABLESPCE TS_AJ_DATA COALESCE;

增長表空間大小

SELECT T.TABLESPACE_NAME, T.FILE_NAME, T.BYTES / 1024 / 1024 / 1024

  FROM DBA_DATA_FILES T

 WHERE T.TABLESPACE_NAME = 'TS_AJ_DATA';

 

ALTER TABLESPACE TS_AJ_DATA ADD DATAFILE '/DATA/TS_AJ_DATA05_10G.DBF'

SIZE 10000M

AUTOEXTEND OFF;

檢查不起做用的約束

SELECT OWNER, CONSTRAINT_NAME, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, STATUS

  FROM DBA_CONSTRAINTS

 WHERE STATUS = 'DISABLE';

檢查發生壞塊的數據庫對象

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, SEGMENT_TYPE, OWNER, SEGMENT_NAME

  FROM DBA_EXTENTS

 WHERE FILE_ID = < AFN >

   AND < BLOCK > BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

檢查無效的數據庫對象

SELECT OWNER,OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPE

FROM DBA_OBJECTS

WHERE STATUS ='INVALID';

查看語句執行進度

SELECT SE.SID,

       OPNAME,

       TRUNC(SOFAR / TOTALWORK * 100, 2) || '%' AS PCT_WORK,

       ELAPSED_SECONDS ELAPSED,

       ROUND(ELAPSED_SECONDS * (TOTALWORK - SOFAR) / SOFAR) REMAIN_TIME,

       SQL_TEXT

  FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS SL, V$SQLAREA SA, V$SESSION SE

 WHERE SL.SQL_HASH_VALUE = SA.HASH_VALUE

   AND SL.SID = SE.SID

   AND SOFAR != TOTALWORK

 ORDER BY START_TIME;

 

檢查碎片程度高的表

SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME, COUNT(*) EXTENTS

  FROM DBA_SEGMENTS

 WHERE OWNER NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')

 GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME

HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))

                     FROM DBA_SEGMENTS

                    GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME);

 

檢查表空間的 I/O 比例

SELECT DF.TABLESPACE_NAME NAME,

       DF.FILE_NAME       "FILE",

       F.PHYRDS           PYR,

       F.PHYBLKRD         PBR,

       F.PHYWRTS          PYW,

       F.PHYBLKWRT        PBW

  FROM V$FILESTAT F, DBA_DATA_FILES DF

 WHERE F.FILE# = DF.FILE_ID

 ORDER BY DF.TABLESPACE_NAME;

檢查碎片程度高的表

SELECT segment_name table_name, COUNT(*) extents

  FROM dba_segments

 WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')

 GROUP BY segment_name

HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*))

                     FROM dba_segments

                    GROUP BY segment_name);

檢查文件系統的 I/O 比例

SELECT SUBSTR(A.FILE#, 1, 2) "#",

       SUBSTR(A.NAME, 1, 30) "NAME",

       A.STATUS,

       A.BYTES,

       B.PHYRDS,

       B.PHYWRTS

  FROM V$DATAFILE A, V$FILESTAT B

 WHERE A.FILE# = B.FILE#;

 

檢查消耗CPU最高的進程

SELECT P.PID PID,

       S.SID SID,

       P.SPID SPID,

       S.USERNAME USERNAME,

       S.OSUSER OSNAME,

       P.SERIAL# S_#,

       P.TERMINAL,

       P.PROGRAM PROGRAM,

       P.BACKGROUND,

       S.STATUS,

       RTRIM(SUBSTR(A.SQL_TEXT, 1, 80)) SQLFROM

  FROM V$PROCESS P, V$SESSION S, V$SQLAREA A

 WHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDR

   AND S.SQL_ADDRESS = A.ADDRESS(+)

   AND P.SERIAL# <> '1';

檢查運行好久的SQL

SELECT USERNAME,

       SID,

       OPNAME,

       ROUND(SOFAR * 100 / TOTALWORK, 0) || '%' AS PROGRESS,

       TIME_REMAINING,

       SQL_TEXT

  FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS, V$SQL

 WHERE TIME_REMAINING <> 0

   AND SQL_ADDRESS = ADDRESS

   AND SQL_HASH_VALUE = HASH_VALUE;

等待時間最多的5個系統等待事件的獲取

SELECT *

  FROM (SELECT *

          FROM V$SYSTEM_EVENT

         WHERE EVENT NOT LIKE 'SQL%'

         ORDER BY TOTAL_WAITS DESC)

 WHERE ROWNUM <= 5;

 

查找前十條性能差的SQL

SELECT *

  FROM (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID EXECUTIONS,

               SORTS,

               COMMAND_TYPE,

               DISK_READS,

               SQL_TEXT

          FROM V$SQLAREA

         ORDER BY DISK_READS DESC)

 WHERE ROWNUM < 10;

檢查死鎖

SELECT   bs.username "Blocking User", bs.username "DB User",

         ws.username "Waiting User", bs.SID "SID", ws.SID "WSID",

         bs.serial# "Serial#", bs.sql_address "address",

         bs.sql_hash_value "Sql hash", bs.program "Blocking App",

         ws.program "Waiting App", bs.machine "Blocking Machine",

         ws.machine "Waiting Machine", bs.osuser "Blocking OS User",

         ws.osuser "Waiting OS User", bs.serial# "Serial#",

         ws.serial# "WSerial#",

         DECODE (wk.TYPE,

                 'MR', 'Media Recovery',

                 'RT', 'Redo Thread',

                 'UN', 'USER Name',

                 'TX', 'Transaction',

                 'TM', 'DML',

                 'UL', 'PL/SQL USER LOCK',

                 'DX', 'Distributed Xaction',

                 'CF', 'Control FILE',

                 'IS', 'Instance State',

                 'FS', 'FILE SET',

                 'IR', 'Instance Recovery',

                 'ST', 'Disk SPACE Transaction',

                 'TS', 'Temp Segment',

                 'IV', 'Library Cache Invalidation',

                 'LS', 'LOG START OR Switch',

                 'RW', 'ROW Wait',

                 'SQ', 'Sequence Number',

                 'TE', 'Extend TABLE',

                 'TT', 'Temp TABLE',

                 wk.TYPE

                ) lock_type,

         DECODE (hk.lmode,

                 0, 'None',

                 1, 'NULL',

                 2, 'ROW-S (SS)',

                 3, 'ROW-X (SX)',

                 4, 'SHARE',

                 5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',

                 6, 'EXCLUSIVE',

                 TO_CHAR (hk.lmode)

                ) mode_held,

         DECODE (wk.request,

                 0, 'None',

                 1, 'NULL',

                 2, 'ROW-S (SS)',

                 3, 'ROW-X (SX)',

                 4, 'SHARE',

                 5, 'S/ROW-X (SSX)',

                 6, 'EXCLUSIVE',

                 TO_CHAR (wk.request)

                ) mode_requested,

         TO_CHAR (hk.id1) lock_id1, TO_CHAR (hk.id2) lock_id2,

         DECODE

            (hk.BLOCK,

             0, 'NOT Blocking',         /**//* Not blocking any other processes */

             1, 'Blocking',             /**//* This lock blocks other processes */

             2, 'Global',          /**//* This lock is global, so we can't tell */

             TO_CHAR (hk.BLOCK)

            ) blocking_others

    FROM v$lock hk, v$session bs, v$lock wk, v$session ws

   WHERE hk.BLOCK = 1

     AND hk.lmode != 0

     AND hk.lmode != 1

     AND wk.request != 0

     AND wk.TYPE(+) = hk.TYPE

     AND wk.id1(+) = hk.id1

     AND wk.id2(+) = hk.id2

     AND hk.SID = bs.SID(+)

     AND wk.SID = ws.SID(+)

     AND (bs.username IS NOT NULL)

     AND (bs.username <> 'SYSTEM')

     AND (bs.username <> 'SYS')

ORDER BY 1;

 

查看正在運行的JOB

SELECT * FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING;

 

檢查數據庫JOB的完成狀況

SELECT JOB, LOG_USER, LAST_DATE, NEXT_DATE, WHAT, FAILURES

FROM DBA_JOBS;

查看正在運行的JOB對應的SID、SERIAL#、SPID

SELECT A.JOB, B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID

  FROM DBA_JOBS_RUNNING A, V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C

 WHERE A.SID = B.SID

   AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR

   AND JOB = '21';

 

經過SID查詢SERIAL#、SPID

SELECT B.SID, B.SERIAL#, C.SPID

  FROM V$SESSION B, V$PROCESS C

 WHERE B.SID = '554'

   AND B.PADDR = C.ADDR;

中止會話

--SID:554 SERIAL#:1134 SPID:23242

ORACLE級別

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION '554,1134';

操做系統級別

kill -9 23242