咱們能夠在settings.py文件中定義登陸,權限,分頁,異常等的全局配置,以下所示html
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'utils.page.Page', 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ( 'utils.permissions.AdminAuth', ), 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.custom_exception_handler.custom_exception_handler', "DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES":('rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',), 'DATETIME_FORMAT': "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", # 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ( # 'utils.permissions.LoginPermission', # ) }
也能夠在對應的views,viewset中指定對應的class,來覆蓋settings.py中的配置。python
drf 本身帶了一個登陸接口,在reset_framework.urls.py
裏面,內容以下mysql
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(template_name='rest_framework/login.html'), name='login'), url(r'^logout/$', views.LogoutView.as_view(), name='logout'), ]
其登陸的用戶是使用的django本身的User模塊,登陸方式爲sessionid,相關信息存儲在數據庫中,登陸的相關邏輯同admin中一致。
有時候,咱們須要本身定義本身的登陸用戶模塊,並在登陸的時候,將user放到request.user
屬性中,因而,咱們能夠編寫本身的用戶登陸模塊(具體的登陸處理邏輯這裏不作討論,這裏咱們只看看怎麼將咱們的user model放到request.user
中)redis
根據drf官方文檔的例子,咱們能夠寫出下面的代碼sql
from django.contrib.auth.models import User from rest_framework import authentication from rest_framework import exceptions class ExampleAuthentication(authentication.BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self, request): """獲取META中的信息(也能夠經過sessionid,token等在redis or mysql中查找),而後在model中取相應的用戶,取出來,則返回對應的對象,沒有,則返回None或則raise異常信息。返回的user對象會加載到requst的user屬性,若是沒有,則使用匿名用戶""" username = request.META.get('X_USERNAME') if not username: return None try: user = User.objects.get(username=username) except User.DoesNotExist: raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('No such user') return (user, None)
能夠發現,這一部分的工做僅僅是添加request.user
屬性,並無對登陸作權限的驗證。數據庫
主要用於對接口權限的控制,好比知否具備該model,object的權限,是否登陸,登陸用戶是否admin等限制條件。drf自帶的權限驗證有AllowAny
, IsAuthenticated
, IsAdminUser
, IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly
, DjangoModelPermissions
, DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly
, DjangoObjectPermissions
。咱們也能夠根據本身須要本身定義所需的權限驗證類,以下django
class Permission(permissions.BasePermission): def has_permission(self, request, view): # docs文檔接口不須要權限,由於真的online環境中沒有docs的路由 if "docs" in request.path: return True if getattr(request, "admin_login", None): """後臺用戶驗證是否有權限""" from precontract.views import CageView, PrecontractView, FosterView from pet.views import PetView, ShapView, PetCategoryView # 根據view的類型,判斷所需的權限名字 if isinstance(view, CageView) or isinstance(view, FosterView): authority_name = "foster" elif isinstance(view, PrecontractView): authority_name = "precontract" elif isinstance(view, PetView): authority_name = "memeber" else: authority_name = "precontract" try: user = request.user # 本身定義的user model role = user.role authority = Authority.objects.get(role=role, state='1') authority_info = authority.get_info() if authority_info[authority_name] != '1': # 判斷是否具備權限,返回False,則最終返回403狀態, # 而這裏須要咱們自定義處理的結果,因此raise一個本身寫的異常 # return False raise RightDenied # 權限經過,返回True return True except BaseException: raise RightDenied # return False raise PermissionDenied
咱們能夠本身定義咱們程序的異常的處理返回,或添加額外的返回信息,示例以下session
import traceback from rest_framework.views import exception_handler from rest_framework.response import Response from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect import logging logger = logging.getLogger('views') def custom_exception_handler(exc, context): # Call REST framework's default exception handler first, # to get the standard error response. response = exception_handler(exc, context) # response = None # Now add the HTTP status code to the response. # 捕獲程序中的斷言異常,做相關的處理, if response is not None: # raise exc response.data['status_code'] = response.status_code response.data['error'] = str(exc) elif isinstance(exc, AssertionError): # 斷言錯誤, response.data[‘detail’] = "斷言錯誤" response.data['error'] = str(exc) else: raise exc return response
示例以下url
class CustomPagination(pagination.PageNumberPagination): page_size = 20 # 默認分頁大小 page_size_query_param = 'page_size' # 分頁大小控制 max_page_size = 30 def get_paginated_response(self, data): # 自定義分頁後的數據返回格式 return Response({ 'links': { 'next': self.get_next_link(), 'previous': self.get_previous_link() }, 'count': self.page.paginator.count, 'results': data })