ssm在項目運行時,首先會加載web.xmlweb
其中web.xml中加載順序:context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet -> interceptor(同類級別按照順序執行)spring
1.ServletContextsession
首先咱們說到ServletContext,ServletContext是一個Web應用的全局上下文,能夠理解爲整個Web應用的全局變量,項目中的全部方法皆能夠獲取ServletContext。mvc
說到ServletContext,就到說到全部web項目的web.xml,下面咱們先貼出web.xml的一部分配置:app
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>sessionFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>web.filter.SessionFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>sessionFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
上面貼出的就是web.xml的部分配置,在這裏咱們首先講解下web項目啓動的加載順序:ide
以Tomcat舉例,啓動Tomcat以後,首先會加載web.xml文件:this
a)容器首先讀取web.xml中的<context-param>的配置內容和<listener>標籤中配置項;url
b)緊接着實例化ServletContext對象,並將<context-param>配置的內容轉化爲鍵值傳遞給ServletContext;spa
c)建立<listener>配置的監聽器的類實例,而且啓動監聽;debug
d)隨後調用listener的contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent args)方法,ServletContext = ServletContextEvent.getServletContext();
此時你能夠經過ServletContext獲取context-param配置的內容並能夠加以修改,此時Tomcat還沒徹底啓動完成。
e)後續加載配置的各種filter;
f)最後加載servlet;
最後的結論是:web.xml中配置項的加載順序是context-param=>listener=>filter=>servlet,配置項的順序並不會改變加載順序,可是同類型的配置項會應該加載順序,servlet中也能夠經過load-on-startup來指定加載順序。
ServletContext中的屬性全部的servlet皆能夠使用ServletContext.
2.ApplicationContext
首先介紹下applicationContext,applicationContext是spring的BeanFactory的實現類:
ApplicationContext接口的繼承關係如上面的截圖,ApplicationContext是如何產生的呢,這裏咱們看以前的web.xml中的
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
繼承關係如左圖
咱們看看是如何初始化的
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) { if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " + "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!"); } Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class); servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started"); } long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that // it is available on ServletContext shutdown. if (this.context == null) { this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } } servletContext.setAttribute(c, this.context); ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) { currentContext = this.context; } else if (ccl != null) { currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]"); } if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms"); } return this.context; } catch (RuntimeException ex) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex); throw ex; } catch (Error err) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", err); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err); throw err; } }
代碼中加粗的部分就是講WebApplicationContext以WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE爲key保存到ServletContext中,因此咱們在須要獲取時,能夠根據request.getSession().
getAttribute("WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE")來獲取WebApplicationContext.
因此WebApplicationContext依賴於ServletContext,ApplicationContext存儲了Spring中全部的Bean,
可是咱們常規的Springmvc項目通常除了applicationContext.xml以外還有springmvc.xml,兩個配置文件會對應兩個ApplicationContext,springmvc的ApplicationContext中能夠調用applicationContext.xml的ApplciationContext。
3.獲取WebApplication的幾種方式
a)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT")
b)實現ApplicationContextAware接口
public interface ApplicationContextAware { void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException; }