ssm項目加載順序

ssm在項目運行時,首先會加載web.xmlweb

其中web.xml中加載順序:context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet -> interceptor(同類級別按照順序執行)spring

 

1.ServletContextsession

    首先咱們說到ServletContext,ServletContext是一個Web應用的全局上下文,能夠理解爲整個Web應用的全局變量,項目中的全部方法皆能夠獲取ServletContext。mvc

    說到ServletContext,就到說到全部web項目的web.xml,下面咱們先貼出web.xml的一部分配置:app

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>sessionFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>web.filter.SessionFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>sessionFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  上面貼出的就是web.xml的部分配置,在這裏咱們首先講解下web項目啓動的加載順序:ide

    以Tomcat舉例,啓動Tomcat以後,首先會加載web.xml文件:this

      a)容器首先讀取web.xml中的<context-param>的配置內容和<listener>標籤中配置項;url

      b)緊接着實例化ServletContext對象,並將<context-param>配置的內容轉化爲鍵值傳遞給ServletContext;spa

      c)建立<listener>配置的監聽器的類實例,而且啓動監聽;debug

      d)隨後調用listener的contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent args)方法,ServletContext = ServletContextEvent.getServletContext(); 

       此時你能夠經過ServletContext獲取context-param配置的內容並能夠加以修改,此時Tomcat還沒徹底啓動完成。

      e)後續加載配置的各種filter;

      f)最後加載servlet;

    最後的結論是:web.xml中配置項的加載順序是context-param=>listener=>filter=>servlet,配置項的順序並不會改變加載順序,可是同類型的配置項會應該加載順序,servlet中也能夠經過load-on-startup來指定加載順序。

  ServletContext中的屬性全部的servlet皆能夠使用ServletContext.

  2.ApplicationContext

  首先介紹下applicationContext,applicationContext是spring的BeanFactory的實現類:

  

  ApplicationContext接口的繼承關係如上面的截圖,ApplicationContext是如何產生的呢,這裏咱們看以前的web.xml中的

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  繼承關係如左圖

  咱們看看是如何初始化的

  

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
        if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
                    "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
        }

        Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
        servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
        }
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
            // it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
            if (this.context == null) {
                this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
            }
            if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
                if (!cwac.isActive()) {
                    // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
                    // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
                    if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
                        // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
                        // determine parent for root web application context, if any.
                        ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
                        cwac.setParent(parent);
                    }
                    configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
                }
            }
            servletContext.setAttribute(c, this.context);

            ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
            if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
                currentContext = this.context;
            }
            else if (ccl != null) {
                currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
            }

            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
                        WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
            }
            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
                logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
            }

            return this.context;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (Error err) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
            throw err;
        }
    }

  代碼中加粗的部分就是講WebApplicationContext以WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE爲key保存到ServletContext中,因此咱們在須要獲取時,能夠根據request.getSession().

  getAttribute("WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE")來獲取WebApplicationContext.

  因此WebApplicationContext依賴於ServletContext,ApplicationContext存儲了Spring中全部的Bean,

  可是咱們常規的Springmvc項目通常除了applicationContext.xml以外還有springmvc.xml,兩個配置文件會對應兩個ApplicationContext,springmvc的ApplicationContext中能夠調用applicationContext.xml的ApplciationContext。

  3.獲取WebApplication的幾種方式

    a)request.getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute("org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT")

    b)實現ApplicationContextAware接口

      

 public interface ApplicationContextAware {  
 
         void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException;  
 
}  
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