RxSwift學習--核心邏輯再探

前言

經過上一篇內容RxSwift學習--核心邏輯初探,對RxSwift有了些初步的認知,下面經過源碼來看一下RxSwift到底有多騷html

RxSwift核心邏輯再探

先把上篇中的例子代碼搬過來:react

//第一步:建立序列
//在create()函數中傳入一個閉包,任務是對每個過來的訂閱進行處理
 let ob = Observable<Any>.create { (observer) -> Disposable in
            // 第三步:發送信號(onCompleted和onError只能發送一個)
            observer.onNext("你好啊")
            observer.onCompleted()
//            observer.onError(NSError.init(domain: "loser", code: 10010, userInfo: nil))
            return Disposables.create()
 
//第二步:訂閱信息
//當咱們訂閱了Observable的消息後,只要Observable的事件觸發,都會經過onNext這個閉包告訴咱們。
 let _ = ob.subscribe(onNext: { (text) in
            print("訂閱到:\(text)")    //這裏會監聽到訂閱的Observable事件
        }, onError: { (error) in
            print("error: \(error)")    //當發生錯誤時,會回調這裏
        }, onCompleted: { // 當序列執行完畢時,會回調這裏。
            print("完成")
        }) {
            print("銷燬") 
        }
複製代碼

下面咱們根據代碼進行具體分析:swift

1.建立序列Observable<Any>.create()

在執行let ob = Observable<Any>.create { (obserber) -> Disposable in } 這句代碼時,是建立了一個可觀察序列,點進create()方法的源碼api

extension ObservableType {
    /*
     Creates an observable sequence from a specified subscribe method implementation.
    
     - seealso: [create operator on reactivex.io](http://reactivex.io/documentation/operators/create.html)
    
     - parameter subscribe: Implementation of the resulting observable sequence's `subscribe` method. - returns: The observable sequence with the specified implementation for the `subscribe` method. */ public static func create(_ subscribe: @escaping (RxSwift.AnyObserver<Self.E>) -> Disposable) -> RxSwift.Observable<Self.E> } 複製代碼

根據註釋路由可知create()方法是在Create.swift文件中實現的bash

public static func create(_ subscribe: @escaping (AnyObserver<E>) -> Disposable) -> Observable<E> {
    return AnonymousObservable(subscribe)
}
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create()方法中返回了一個匿名內部類---AnonymousObservable(匿名序列),用來存儲產生事件的閉包(self._subscribeHandler = subscribeHandler)和激活處理事件閉包的入口(run方法)在跟進去這個類,閉包

final private class AnonymousObservable<Element>: Producer<Element> {
    typealias SubscribeHandler = (AnyObserver<Element>) -> Disposable

    let _subscribeHandler: SubscribeHandler

    init(_ subscribeHandler: @escaping SubscribeHandler) {
        self._subscribeHandler = subscribeHandler
    }

    override func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == Element {
        let sink = AnonymousObservableSink(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
        let subscription = sink.run(self)
        return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
    }
}
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能夠看到在匿名序列的裏面是把傳給create()方法的閉包(也就是序列訂閱的回調,self._subscribeHandler = subscribeHandler)保存下來了dom

2.序列訂閱ob.subscribe(onNext:)

一樣的,跟進去訂閱信號的這個方法的源碼, 在這裏跟源碼,跟進去的是ObserveableType.subscribe這個方法 ide

subscribe.png

public func subscribe(onNext: ((E) -> Void)? = nil, onError: ((Swift.Error) -> Void)? = nil, onCompleted: (() -> Void)? = nil, onDisposed: (() -> Void)? = nil)
        -> Disposable {
            let disposable: Disposable
            
            if let disposed = onDisposed {
                disposable = Disposables.create(with: disposed)
            }
            else {
                disposable = Disposables.create()
            }
            
            #if DEBUG
                let synchronizationTracker = SynchronizationTracker()
            #endif
            
            let callStack = Hooks.recordCallStackOnError ? Hooks.customCaptureSubscriptionCallstack() : []
            
            let observer = AnonymousObserver<E> { event in
                
                #if DEBUG
                    synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
                    defer { synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
                #endif
                
                switch event {
                case .next(let value):
                    onNext?(value)
                case .error(let error):
                    if let onError = onError {
                        onError(error)
                    }
                    else {
                        Hooks.defaultErrorHandler(callStack, error)
                    }
                    disposable.dispose()
                case .completed:
                    onCompleted?()
                    disposable.dispose()
                }
            }
            return Disposables.create(
                self.asObservable().subscribe(observer),
                disposable
            )
    }
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能夠看到在調用ob.subscribe()這個方法的時候,onNext, onError,onComplete, onDisposed這四個閉包都是做爲參數傳遞到這個訂閱函數中來, 在這段代碼裏一樣的也建立了一個匿名觀察者let observer = AnonymousObserver<E>用於存儲和處理事件的閉包,而對於這個觀察者會傳入一個帶有event的閉包,在前面已經知道event是一個枚舉類型,有三種事件類型.next,.error,.completed,因此只要這個觀察者調用了這三種事件,那麼相應的就會調用onNext,onError,onCompleted這三個方法的具體實現,但是這裏的observer觀察者只是一個局部變量,它怎麼和外界的觀察者聯繫起來呢?函數

騷就騷在這個訂閱方法的return這句代碼:post

return Disposables.create(
        self.asObservable().subscribe(observer),
        disposable
)
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其實這個self.asObservable()就是咱們在最開始定義的序列let ob = Observable<Any>,而subscribe()就是回調了咱們剛剛建立的observer閉包,而observer就會調用傳入的監聽序列消息閉包onNext, onError,onCompleted, 那麼這個subscribe()是怎麼回調了observer呢?

可知self.asObservable()AnonymousObservable類型的,可是經過前面的AnonymousObservable類的源碼能夠發現,它並無subscribe()這個方法,可是AnonymousObservable是繼承於Producer(生產者)的,下面來看一下Producer這個類的源碼:

class Producer<Element> : Observable<Element> {
    override init() {
        super.init()
    }

    override func subscribe<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        if !CurrentThreadScheduler.isScheduleRequired {
            // The returned disposable needs to release all references once it was disposed.
            let disposer = SinkDisposer()
            let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
            disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)

            return disposer
        }
        else {
            return CurrentThreadScheduler.instance.schedule(()) { _ in
                let disposer = SinkDisposer()
                let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
                disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)

                return disposer
            }
        }
    }

    func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == Element {
        rxAbstractMethod()
    }
}
複製代碼

在這裏面subscribe()方法會把傳入的observer,調用self.run(observer, cancel: disposer);那麼再次跟進去看源碼;至於這個run()方法具體怎麼調用,應該仍是交給Producer的子類AnonymousObservable去實現的,那麼跟進去,代碼再次回到了AnonymousObservable類裏面:

override func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == Element {
        let sink = AnonymousObservableSink(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
        let subscription = sink.run(self)
        return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
    }
複製代碼

在這裏會建立一個AnonymousObservableSink對象並持有observer,而後這個AnonymousObservableSink類會調用它本身的run()方法,並傳入self,再次跟進去sink.run(self),發現來到了AnonymousObservableSink類的源碼;

final private class AnonymousObservableSink<O: ObserverType>: Sink<O>, ObserverType {
    typealias E = O.E
    typealias Parent = AnonymousObservable<E>

    // state
    private let _isStopped = AtomicInt(0)

    #if DEBUG
        fileprivate let _synchronizationTracker = SynchronizationTracker()
    #endif

    override init(observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) {
        super.init(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
    }

    func on(_ event: Event<E>) {
        #if DEBUG
            self._synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
            defer { self._synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
        #endif
        switch event {
        case .next:
            if load(self._isStopped) == 1 {
                return
            }
            self.forwardOn(event)
        case .error, .completed:
            if fetchOr(self._isStopped, 1) == 0 {
                self.forwardOn(event)
                self.dispose()
            }
        }
    }

    func run(_ parent: Parent) -> Disposable {
        return parent._subscribeHandler(AnyObserver(self))
    }
}
複製代碼

能夠看到AnonymousObservableSinkrun()方法,返回parent._subscribeHandler(),而這個Parent,在這個AnonymousObservableSink類中已經取了別名,那就是typealias Parent = AnonymousObservable<E>;在前面咱們已經知道,AnonymousObservable匿名序列的裏面是把傳給create()函數的閉包保存了下來,那麼return parent._subscribeHandler(AnyObserver(self))這個_subscribeHandler就是以前create()函數的閉包,在這個_subscribeHandler(AnyObserver(self))方法中把self轉換成AnyObserver對象,也就是把AnonymousObservableSink對象轉換成AnyObserver對象.

如今接着來看AnyObserver的源碼:

public struct AnyObserver<Element> : ObserverType {
    /// The type of elements in sequence that observer can observe.
    public typealias E = Element
    
    /// Anonymous event handler type.
    public typealias EventHandler = (Event<Element>) -> Void

    private let observer: EventHandler

    /// Construct an instance whose `on(event)` calls `eventHandler(event)`
    ///
    /// - parameter eventHandler: Event handler that observes sequences events.
    public init(eventHandler: @escaping EventHandler) {
        self.observer = eventHandler
    }
    
    /// Construct an instance whose `on(event)` calls `observer.on(event)`
    ///
    /// - parameter observer: Observer that receives sequence events.
    public init<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O) where O.E == Element {
        self.observer = observer.on
    }
    
    /// Send `event` to this observer.
    ///
    /// - parameter event: Event instance.
    public func on(_ event: Event<Element>) {
        return self.observer(event)
    }

    /// Erases type of observer and returns canonical observer.
    ///
    /// - returns: type erased observer.
    public func asObserver() -> AnyObserver<E> {
        return self
    }
}
複製代碼

經過剛剛的AnyObserver(self)咱們應該知道這裏的self指的是AnonymousObservableSink,因此在AnyObserver的源碼中,能夠看到在構造函數中有一行代碼self.observer = observer.on,就是把AnonymousObservableSink類的on函數賦值給AnyObserverobserver變量.注意這裏保存的是AnonymousObservableSink.on.

看到這裏是否能明白,在調用ob.subscribe方法的時候,建立了一個AnonymousObserver對象,並把閉包傳入,可是這個對象最終走向的倒是繼承於ProducerAnonymousObservable類的subscribe()方法,通過調用self.run()以後,最後返回AnonymousObservable._subscribeHandler()方法,也就是ob.create()方法。這部分代碼先分析到這裏,下面來分析下發送信號的代碼。

3.發送信號observer.onNext("你好啊")

在剛開始分析create()方法的時候,就已經知道,observer.onNext("你好啊")中的observerAnyObserver類型的,但是在上面的AnyObserver源碼中咱們能夠清楚地看到它並無onNext()方法,那就去它的父類ObserverType看一下,

extension ObserverType {
    
    /// Convenience method equivalent to `on(.next(element: E))`
    ///
    /// - parameter element: Next element to send to observer(s)
    public func onNext(_ element: E) {
        self.on(.next(element))
    }
    
    /// Convenience method equivalent to `on(.completed)`
    public func onCompleted() {
        self.on(.completed)
    }
    
    /// Convenience method equivalent to `on(.error(Swift.Error))`
    /// - parameter error: Swift.Error to send to observer(s)
    public func onError(_ error: Swift.Error) {
        self.on(.error(error))
    }
}
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在這裏能夠看到調用ObserverTypeonNext方法,返回ObserverTypeon(.next(element)),因此在observer.onNext("你好啊")調用onNext()方法,其實調用的就是observer.on(.next()),在前面的AnyObserver的源碼中,已經知道AnyObserverobserver變量保存的是AnonymousObservableSink.on,一樣的看一下在AnyObserver的源碼中的on()方法

public func on(_ event: Event<Element>) {
        return self.observer(event)
    }
複製代碼

這裏返回的是self.observer(event),也就是說observer.on(.next())能夠是self.observer(.next()),然而self.observer = AnonymousObservableSink.on,因此self.observer(.next())能夠是AnonymousObservableSink.on(.next()),這裏又回到了AnonymousObservableSink這個類了,(AnonymousObservableSink的源碼在前面已經出現了)這是饒了一圈又回來了,下面把AnonymousObservableSinkon(event)方法單獨拿出來:

func on(_ event: Event<E>) {
        #if DEBUG
            self._synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
            defer { self._synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
        #endif
        switch event {
        case .next:
            if load(self._isStopped) == 1 {
                return
            }
            self.forwardOn(event)
        case .error, .completed:
            if fetchOr(self._isStopped, 1) == 0 {
                self.forwardOn(event)
                self.dispose()
            }
        }
    }
複製代碼

on(event)方法中有句重要的代碼self.forwardOn(event),再跟進去self.forwardOn(event)這個方法,能夠看到進入到Sink類的方法中,這裏AnonymousObservableSink繼承於Sink

final func forwardOn(_ event: Event<O.E>) {
        #if DEBUG
            self._synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
            defer { self._synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
        #endif
        if isFlagSet(self._disposed, 1) {
            return
        }
        self._observer.on(event)
    }
複製代碼

在這個方法中self._observer.on(event)代碼中,這個self._observer就是在初始化AnonymousObservableSink時候傳入的observer( let sink = AnonymousObservableSink(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)),然而這個observer是在subscribe()訂閱方法中由let observer = AnonymousObserver建立的observer,那麼等因而這裏又來到了AnonymousObserver中,那麼下面就來看一下調用AnonymousObserver.on(event)會發生什麼,如今來看一下AnonymousObserver的源碼:

final class AnonymousObserver<ElementType> : ObserverBase<ElementType> {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    
    typealias EventHandler = (Event<Element>) -> Void
    
    private let _eventHandler : EventHandler
    
    init(_ eventHandler: @escaping EventHandler) {
#if TRACE_RESOURCES
        _ = Resources.incrementTotal()
#endif
        self._eventHandler = eventHandler
    }

    override func onCore(_ event: Event<Element>) {
        return self._eventHandler(event)
    }
    
#if TRACE_RESOURCES
    deinit {
        _ = Resources.decrementTotal()
    }
#endif
}
複製代碼

經過這裏的源碼能夠看到AnonymousObserver類中並無on方法,可是AnonymousObserver是繼承於ObserverBase的,在ObserverBase的源碼中咱們能夠看到:

class ObserverBase<ElementType> : Disposable, ObserverType {
    typealias E = ElementType

    private let _isStopped = AtomicInt(0)

    func on(_ event: Event<E>) {
        switch event {
        case .next:
            if load(self._isStopped) == 0 {
                self.onCore(event)
            }
        case .error, .completed:
            if fetchOr(self._isStopped, 1) == 0 {
                self.onCore(event)
            }
        }
    }

    func onCore(_ event: Event<E>) {
        rxAbstractMethod()
    }

    func dispose() {
        fetchOr(self._isStopped, 1)
    }
}
複製代碼

調用ObserverBaseon()方法會返回self.onCore(event);這裏回到子類AnonymousObserver去執行這個方法;

override func onCore(_ event: Event<Element>) {
        return self._eventHandler(event)
    }
複製代碼

能夠看到這裏返回的是self._eventHandler(event);也就是AnonymousObserver._eventHandler(event)經過源碼可知這裏的AnonymousObserver._eventHandler(event)就是傳入的eventHandler(event),也就是序列訂閱方法ob.subscribe()傳入的閉包,那麼就來看下在subscribe()訂閱方法中AnonymousObserver建立的observer到底對這個eventHandler(event)作了什麼事情:

let observer = AnonymousObserver<E> { event in
                
                #if DEBUG
                    synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
                    defer { synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
                #endif
                
                switch event {
                case .next(let value):
                    onNext?(value)
                case .error(let error):
                    if let onError = onError {
                        onError(error)
                    }
                    else {
                        Hooks.defaultErrorHandler(callStack, error)
                    }
                    disposable.dispose()
                case .completed:
                    onCompleted?()
                    disposable.dispose()
                }
            }
複製代碼

由於Event是枚舉值這裏會根據observer傳入的event來判斷到底該響應onNext(),onError(),onCompleted()的具體方法,這樣就是把create()方法中的observer.onNext("你好啊")subscribe()訂閱方法中onNext()聯繫起來了。這樣就說明了爲何觀察者調用了onNext()方法,序列可以訂閱到這個方法裏的內容。

總結

囉囉嗦嗦寫了這麼多,算是對RxSwift的核心邏輯有了個初步的認識,不等不說RxSwift很強大,足夠的"騷氣"。目前寫到這裏,對RxSwift僅僅只是略知皮毛,冰上一角罷了,對RxSwift的學習還須要繼續努力。下面經過一張圖來總結一下:

RxSwift核心邏輯
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