Spring Cloud Gateway 入門

簡介

Spring Cloud Gateway ,相比以前咱們使用的 Zuul(1.x) 它有哪些優點呢?Zuul(1.x) 基於 Servlet,使用阻塞 API,它不支持任何長鏈接,如 WebSockets。Spring Cloud Gateway 使用非阻塞 API,支持 WebSockets,支持限流等新特性。本文首先用官方的案例帶領你們來體驗下Spring Cloud的一些簡單的功能。html

建立工程

建立工程springcloud工程,名爲springcloud-gateway-hellojava

pom.xml 內容以下:git

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.gf</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-gateway-hello</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springcloud-gateway-hello</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

##建立一個簡單的路由
Spring Cloud Gateway 使用路由來處理對下游服務的請求。建立RouteLocator的Bean,在本案例將把全部請求路由到 http://httpbin.org。路由能夠經過多種方式配置程序員

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringcloudGatewayHelloApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run( SpringcloudGatewayHelloApplication.class, args );
    }

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator myRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route(p -> p
                        .path("/get")
                        .filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Hello", "World"))
                        .uri("http://httpbin.org:80"))
                .build();
    }

}

上述myRoutes方法RouteLocatorBuilder能夠很容易地用於建立路由。除了建立路由以外,RouteLocatorBuilder還容許你在路由中添加各類 predicates(斷言)filters,以便根據特定條件更改請求和響應。github

上面建立的route可讓請求「/get」請求都轉發到「http://httpbin.org/get」。在route配置上,咱們添加了一個filter,該filter會將請求添加一個header,key爲hello,value爲worldweb

啓動項目,訪問http://127.0.0.1:8080/get,顯示以下:spring

{
  "args": {

  },
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
    "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,zh-TW;q=0.8",
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
    "Connection": "close",
    "Forwarded": "proto=http;host=\"127.0.0.1:8080\";for=\"127.0.0.1:55607\"",
    "Hello": "World",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36",
    "X-Forwarded-Host": "127.0.0.1:8080"
  },
  "origin": "127.0.0.1, 124.74.78.150",
  "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8080/get"
}

可見當向gateway工程請求「/get」,gateway會將工程的請求轉發到「http://httpbin.org/get」,而且在轉發以前,加上一個filter,該filter會將請求添加一個header,key爲hello,value爲worldshell

使用Hystrix

在spring cloud gateway中可使用Hystrix。Hystrix是 spring cloud中一個服務熔斷降級的組件,在微服務系統有着十分重要的做用。
Hystrix 在 spring cloud gateway中是以filter的形式使用的,代碼以下:apache

@Bean
public RouteLocator myRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
    return builder.routes()
            .route(p -> p
                    .path("/get")
                    .filters(f -> f.addRequestHeader("Hello", "World"))
                    .uri("http://httpbin.org:80"))
            .route(p -> p
                    .host("*.hystrix.com")
                    .filters(f -> f.hystrix(config -> config
                            .setName("mycmd")
                            .setFallbackUri("forward:/fallback")))
                    .uri("http://httpbin.org:80"))
            .build();
}

在上面的代碼中,咱們使用了另一個router,該router使用host去斷言請求是否進入該路由,當請求的host爲 「*.hystrix.com」,都會進入該router,該router中有一個hystrix的filter,該filter能夠配置名稱、和指向性fallback的邏輯的地址,好比本案例中重定向到了「/fallback」。json

如今寫的一個「/fallback」的l邏輯:

@RequestMapping("/fallback")
public String fallback() {
    return "fallback";
}

使用curl執行如下命令:

curl --dump-header - --header 'Host: www.hystrix.com' http://localhost:8080/delay/3

返回的響應爲:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 8

fallback

可見,帶host www.hystrix.com 的請求執行了hystrix的fallback的邏輯。

源碼:https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter13/springcloud-gateway-hello

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Spring Cloud Gateway 入門

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