Netstat 命令用於顯示各類網絡相關信息,如網絡鏈接,路由表,接口狀態 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 鏈接,多播成員 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。php
執行netstat後,其輸出結果爲ios
Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 2 210.34.6.89:telnet 210.34.6.96:2873 ESTABLISHED tcp 296 0 210.34.6.89:1165 210.34.6.84:netbios-ssn ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9001 localhost.localdom:1162 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:1162 localhost.localdom:9001 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 80 210.34.6.89:1161 210.34.6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc unix 9 [ ] DGRAM 5292 /dev/log unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df
從總體上看,netstat的輸出結果能夠分爲兩個部分:ubuntu
一個是Active Internet connections,稱爲有源TCP鏈接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指%0A的是接收隊列和發送隊列。這些數字通常都應該是0。若是不是則表示軟件包正在隊列中堆積。這種狀況只能在很是少的狀況見到。bash
另外一個是Active UNIX domain sockets,稱爲有源Unix域套接口(和網絡套接字同樣,可是隻能用於本機通訊,性能能夠提升一倍)。
Proto顯示鏈接使用的協議,RefCnt表示鏈接到本套接口上的進程號,Types顯示套接口的類型,State顯示套接口當前的狀態,Path表示鏈接到套接口的其它進程使用的路徑名。網絡
-a (all)顯示全部選項,默認不顯示LISTEN相關
-t (tcp)僅顯示tcp相關選項
-u (udp)僅顯示udp相關選項
-n 拒絕顯示別名,能顯示數字的所有轉化成數字。
-l 僅列出有在 Listen (監聽) 的服務狀態dom
-p 顯示創建相關連接的程序名
-r 顯示路由信息,路由表
-e 顯示擴展信息,例如uid等
-s 按各個協議進行統計
-c 每隔一個固定時間,執行該netstat命令。ssh
提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的狀態只有用-a或者-l才能看到socket
列出全部端口 netstat -atcp
# netstat -a | more Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6135 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 5140 /var/run/acpid.socket
列出全部 tcp 端口 netstat -atpost
# netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
列出全部 udp 端口 netstat -au
# netstat -au Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:bootpc *:* udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只顯示監聽端口 netstat -l
# netstat -l Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN udp 0 0 *:49119 *:*
只列出全部監聽 tcp 端口 netstat -lt
# netstat -lt Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:30037 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 localhost:ipp [::]:* LISTEN
只列出全部監聽 udp 端口 netstat -lu
# netstat -lu Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 *:49119 *:* udp 0 0 *:mdns *:*
只列出全部監聽 UNIX 端口 netstat -lx
# netstat -lx Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6294 private/maildrop unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6203 public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6302 private/ifmail unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 6306 private/bsmtp
顯示全部端口的統計信息 netstat -s
# netstat -s Ip: 11150 total packets received 1 with invalid addresses 0 forwarded 0 incoming packets discarded 11149 incoming packets delivered 11635 requests sent out Icmp: 0 ICMP messages received 0 input ICMP message failed. Tcp: 582 active connections openings 2 failed connection attempts 25 connection resets received Udp: 1183 packets received 4 packets to unknown port received. .....
顯示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的統計信息 netstat -st 或 -su
# netstat -st # netstat -su
netstat -p 能夠與其它開關一塊兒使用,就能夠添加 「PID/進程名稱」 到 netstat 輸出中,這樣 debugging 的時候能夠很方便的發現特定端口運行的程序。
# netstat -pt Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 1 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:47212 192.168.185.75:www CLOSE_WAIT 2109/firefox tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:52750 lax:www ESTABLISHED 2109/firefox
當你不想讓主機,端口和用戶名顯示,使用 netstat -n。將會使用數字代替那些名稱。
一樣能夠加速輸出,由於不用進行比對查詢。
# netstat -an
若是隻是不想讓這三個名稱中的一個被顯示,使用如下命令
# netsat -a --numeric-ports # netsat -a --numeric-hosts # netsat -a --numeric-users
netstat 將每隔一秒輸出網絡信息。
# netstat -c Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:36130 101-101-181-225.ama:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:52564 101.11.169.230:www CLOSING tcp 0 0 ramesh-laptop.loc:43758 server-101-101-43-2:www ESTABLISHED tcp 1 1 ramesh-laptop.loc:42367 101.101.34.101:www CLOSING ^C
netstat --verbose
在輸出的末尾,會有以下的信息
netstat: no support for `AF IPX' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF AX25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF X25' on this system. netstat: no support for `AF NETROM' on this system.
# netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2
注意: 使用 netstat -rn 顯示數字格式,不查詢主機名稱。
並非全部的進程都能找到,沒有權限的會不顯示,使用 root 權限查看全部的信息。
# netstat -ap | grep ssh tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:39213 CLOSE_WAIT - tcp 1 0 dev-db:ssh 101.174.100.22:57643 CLOSE_WAIT -
找出運行在指定端口的進程
# netstat -an | grep ':80'
# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU eth2 1500 0 26196 0 0 0 26883 6 0 0 BMRU lo 16436 0 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 LRU
顯示詳細信息,像是 ifconfig 使用 netstat -ie:
# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:10:40:11:11:11 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Memory:f6ae0000-f6b00000
查看鏈接某服務端口最多的的IP地址
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat | grep "192.168.1.15:22" |awk '{print $5}'|awk -F: '{print $1}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -20 18 221.136.168.36 3 154.74.45.242 2 78.173.31.236 2 62.183.207.98 2 192.168.1.14 2 182.48.111.215 2 124.193.219.34 2 119.145.41.2 2 114.255.41.30 1 75.102.11.99
TCP各類狀態列表
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}' established) Foreign LISTEN TIME_WAIT ESTABLISHED TIME_WAIT SYN_SENT
wss8848@ubuntu:~$ netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c 143 ESTABLISHED 1 FIN_WAIT1 1 Foreign 1 LAST_ACK 36 LISTEN 6 SYN_SENT 113 TIME_WAIT 1 established)
netstat -nat |awk '{print $6}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn
awk '{print $1}' access.log |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|head -10