5.1 - 5.4 監控Linux系統狀態1-4php
查看系統負載:python
w/uptime 最後面三個數字表示1分鐘,5分鐘,15分鐘平均有多少個進程佔用CPU 佔用CPU的進程能夠是Running,也能夠是Waiting 某一時刻1顆CPU只能有一個進程在使用其資源
top命令:mysql
top 回車就能夠進入到top界面 每3秒刷新一次 默認按cpu百分比排序,能夠按M鍵按照內存使用率大小排序 按數字1,能夠顯示全部CPU使用率詳情 top -bn1 靜態顯示全部進程的狀況,也是按cpu百分比排序 靜態顯示進程信息,方便在shell腳本中使用top命令
free命令:linux
free查看內存和swap使用狀況,關注最後一列的available,這個數字是真正剩餘的物理內存大小 free -k -m -g -h
手動增長swapios
dd if=/dev/zero of=/bigfile bs=1M count=1000 mkswap /bigfile chmod 600 /bigfile swapon /bigfile
監控磁盤:nginx
iostat --> yum install -y sysstat iostat -dx 1 iostat -dx 1 5 iotop --> yum install -y iotop iotop 回車 動態顯示,按IO使用率大小排序
綜合工具,判定瓶頸點:sql
vmstat 1 vmstat 1 10 關注:r、b、si、so、bi、bo、id、wa
監控網卡流量:shell
sar -n DEV 1 10 yum install -y epel-release yum install nload nload 回車後查看網卡流量,動態顯示 ethtool ens33 mii-tool ens33
查看進程:windows
ps aux 、 ps -elf 、 ps -eLf (查看線程) STAT S Sleep R Running s 父進程 N 低優先級 < 高優先級 + 前臺進程 l 多線程進程 Z 殭屍進程 ls -l /proc/pid/ #查看一個進程的一些詳細信息
查看網絡鏈接情況:api
netstat -lnp 、netstat -lntp 、 netstat -lntup netstat -an ss -an
抓包工具:
tcpdump (安裝:yum install -y tcpdump) tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 80 tcpdump -nn -i ens33 -c 100 -w 1.cap tcpdump -i ens33 -nn not port 22 and not port 80 and not host 192.168.222.1 tcpdump -nn -r 1.cap wireshark (安裝:yum install -y wireshark) tshark -i ens33 -n -t a -R http.request -T fields -e "frame.time" -e "ip.src" -e "http.host" -e "http.request.method" -e "http.request.uri"
補充:
查看cpu核數
cat /proc/cpuinfo lscpu
buffer和cached
buffer : 這部份內存是從CPU產生即將寫入到磁盤裏去的那部分數據; cached 這部分數據是先從磁盤裏讀出來,然 後臨時存到內存裏的那部分數據,
小常識:
bit 比特(帶寬單位) Byte 字節 (速度傳輸單位) 8bit = 1Byte 2MB/s 2*8=16Mbit 100Mbit 12.8MB/s
代碼正在補充
w/uptime命令 [root@test01 ~]# w 11:57:24 up 5 min, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.06, 0.05 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root pts/0 192.168.28.1 11:52 4.00s 0.06s 0.01s w 時間,有幾個用戶在登陸 ,負載值 平均一分鐘,平均5分鐘,平均15分鐘(平均時間內有多少個活動的進程,排隊等待的進程也算是活動的進程)running and waiting [root@test01 ~]# uptime 12:14:16 up 22 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 top命令(能夠動態查看系統狀態,比較綜合)(默認按cpu的使用率從高到低排序) 也能夠顯示系統的負載值,任務數量,有幾個running 有幾個sleeping等 [root@test01 ~]# top top - 12:16:36 up 24 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 99 total, 1 running, 98 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 999936 total, 564892 free, 213240 used, 221804 buff/cache KiB Swap: 3907580 total, 3907580 free, 0 used. 606240 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 619 root 20 0 229368 6192 4836 S 0.7 0.6 0:02.26 vmtoolsd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.09 ksoftirqd/0 2437 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.03 kworker/0:0 2440 root 20 0 157636 2172 1552 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.15 top 1 root 20 0 128152 6728 3972 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.37 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.43 rcu_sched 10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 watchdog/0 12 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback 17 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd 18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0 27 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 以上都是動態的(每隔3秒刷新一次) 分析解釋 系統負載值等 top - 12:16:36 up 24 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 任務數量,有幾個running 有幾個sleeping等 Tasks: 99 total, 1 running, 98 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie cpu使用率,us表示用戶級別的進程,sy表示系統級別的進程。99.3 id空閒百分比,其餘幾個常年都是0不用太關注 %Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st 內存使用率 avaail Mem是系統裏面真正可以使用的內存大小 KiB Mem : 999936 total, 564892 free, 213240 used, 221804 buff/cache KiB Swap: 3907580 total, 3907580 free, 0 used. 606240 avail Mem 須要關注的如下內容,RES %CPU %MEM PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 619 root 20 0 229368 6192 4836 S 0.7 0.6 0:02.26 vmtoolsd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.09 ksoftirqd/0 2437 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.03 kworker/0:0 2440 root 20 0 157636 2172 1552 R 0.3 0.2 0:00.15 top 1 root 20 0 128152 6728 3972 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.37 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.43 rcu_sched 10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 watchdog/0 12 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback 17 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd 18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0 27 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 按內存的大小排序,按大寫M,按數字1顯示全部CPU的使用率 [root@test01 mail]# top -bn1 靜態顯示(但不會按cpu或者MEM排序) top - 12:44:12 up 52 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks: 99 total, 1 running, 98 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.2 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 999936 total, 545660 free, 217036 used, 237240 buff/cache KiB Swap: 3907580 total, 3907580 free, 0 used. 597716 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 128152 6728 3972 S 0.0 0.7 0:01.39 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.19 ksoftirqd/0 6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/u256:0 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.48 rcu_sched 10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 watchdog/0 12 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 14 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 15 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khungtaskd 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback 17 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd 18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 19 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 md 26 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0 27 root 25 5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksmd 28 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 khugepaged 29 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 fsnotify_mark 30 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 crypto 38 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthrotld 40 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpath_rdacd 41 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused 43 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ipv6_addrconf 62 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 deferwq 94 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd 269 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.54 kworker/0:3 275 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff 276 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt_poll_0 277 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 mpt/0 285 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_0 286 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_0 287 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 scsi_eh_1 288 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 kworker/u256:2 290 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_1 292 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2 294 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_tmf_2 296 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ttm_swap 367 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush 368 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 378 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdmflush 379 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 393 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfsalloc 394 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs_mru_cache 395 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-buf/dm-0 396 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-data/dm-0 397 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-conv/dm-0 398 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-cil/dm-0 399 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-reclaim/dm- 400 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-log/dm-0 401 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-eofblocks/d 402 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.55 xfsaild/dm-0 468 root 20 0 34936 2800 2492 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.16 systemd-journal 492 root 20 0 46244 4584 2792 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.13 systemd-udevd 507 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 nfit 520 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-buf/sda1 521 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-data/sda1 522 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-conv/sda1 523 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-cil/sda1 524 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-reclaim/sda 525 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-log/sda1 527 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfs-eofblocks/s 528 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 xfsaild/sda1 588 root 16 -4 62012 2216 1636 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.01 auditd 608 polkitd 20 0 528324 12700 4780 S 0.0 1.3 0:00.08 polkitd 612 dbus 20 0 98316 1896 1432 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.64 dbus-daemon 614 chrony 20 0 115944 1852 1480 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.11 chronyd 619 root 20 0 229368 6200 4836 S 0.0 0.6 0:05.17 vmtoolsd 620 root 20 0 24252 1700 1404 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.07 systemd-logind 629 root 20 0 126284 1680 1056 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.22 crond 637 root 20 0 110096 856 728 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.08 agetty 643 root 20 0 327904 26968 6624 S 0.0 2.7 0:00.55 firewalld 648 root 20 0 438076 8188 6304 S 0.0 0.8 0:00.43 NetworkManager 992 root 20 0 553620 16516 5868 S 0.0 1.7 0:01.46 tuned 993 root 20 0 222168 4044 3284 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.35 rsyslogd 1080 root 20 0 83016 1300 428 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 sshd 1087 root 20 0 115440 1748 1408 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.08 mysqld_safe 1157 root 20 0 230780 6324 1212 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.78 php-fpm 1162 php-fpm 20 0 230772 6328 1212 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.10 php-fpm 1163 php-fpm 20 0 230772 6332 1212 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 php-fpm 1164 php-fpm 20 0 230772 6332 1212 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.00 php-fpm 1165 php-fpm 20 0 230772 6332 1212 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.23 php-fpm 1313 mysql 20 0 1254952 90144 10736 S 0.0 9.0 0:02.87 mysqld 1684 root 20 0 89544 2192 1152 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.07 master 1727 postfix 20 0 89648 4044 3036 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.03 pickup 1728 postfix 20 0 89716 4064 3056 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.02 qmgr 2353 root 20 0 143516 5304 4016 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.95 sshd 2356 root 20 0 115780 2276 1780 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.14 bash 2398 root 20 0 46588 1348 164 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 nginx 2399 nginx 20 0 47008 2144 532 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 nginx 2417 root 20 0 125384 1124 884 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 anacron 2719 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 2721 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:1H 2722 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 kworker/0:1 2723 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kworker/0:0 2732 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:2H 2733 root 20 0 157632 2064 1520 R 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 top 查看CPU的核數,看processor [root@test01 mail]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 142 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz stepping : 10 microcode : 0x96 cpu MHz : 1799.357 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat epb pln pts dtherm hwp hwp_noitfy hwp_act_window hwp_epp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt bogomips : 3600.00 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: 查看CPU的信息,用這個看也很全面 [root@test01 mail]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 1 On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 1 座: 1 NUMA 節點: 1 廠商 ID: GenuineIntel CPU 系列: 6 型號: 142 型號名稱: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz 步進: 10 CPU MHz: 1799.357 BogoMIPS: 3600.00 超管理器廠商: VMware 虛擬化類型: 徹底 L1d 緩存: 32K L1i 緩存: 32K L2 緩存: 256K L3 緩存: 6144K NUMA 節點0 CPU: 0 free命令 查看內存和swap使用狀況 關注available,真正可以使用的物理內存大小,以kb爲單位。 不用太關注Swap,Swap的解釋,當內存不夠用的時候它會進行交換,着重看used列 [root@test01 mail]# free total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 999936 216812 545616 6844 237508 597808 Swap: 3907580 0 39075 [root@test01 mail]# free -m 以M的單位顯示 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 976 211 532 6 231 583 Swap: 3815 0 3815 [root@test01 mail]# free -h 自行計算顯示 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 976M 211M 532M 6.7M 231M 583M Swap: 3.7G 0B 3.7G [root@test01 mail]# free -g 以G爲單位顯示(由於沒有這麼大因此顯示不出來) total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 0 0 0 0 0 0 Swap: 3 0 3 [root@test01 mail]# free -b 以b的單位顯示 total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1023934464 221790208 559091712 6979584 243052544 612491264 Swap: 4001361920 0 4001361920 [root@test01 mail]# free -k (其實-k就等於free) total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 999936 216592 545988 6816 237356 598136 Swap: 3907580 0 3907580 total:總量 used:使用量 free:剩餘量 buffer:這部份內存是從CPU即將寫入到磁盤裏去的那部分數據,緩衝數據內存 cached:這部分數據是先從磁盤裏讀出來,而後臨時存到內存裏的那部分數據 增長swap空間 [root@test01 mail]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/bigfile bs=1M count=1000 記錄了1000+0 的讀入 記錄了1000+0 的寫出 1048576000字節(1.0 GB)已複製,10.0679 秒,104 MB/秒 [root@test01 mail]# pwd /var/spool/mail [root@test01 mail]# ls ftpuser mysql php-fpm root test1 user1 [root@test01 mail]# du -sh /bigfile 1000M /bigfile [root@test01 mail]# mkswap /bigfile 正在設置交換空間版本 1,大小 = 1023996 KiB 無標籤,UUID=6603a4fd-592e-4e29-b50a-9646f4abdd17 [root@test01 mail]# chmod 600 /bigfile [root@test01 mail]# swapon /bigfile [root@test01 mail]# free total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 999936 212132 73684 6816 714120 595168 [root@test01 mail]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 976M 207M 71M 6.7M 697M 581M Swap: 4.7G 0B 4.7G Swap: 4931576 0 4931576 iostat命令 關注最後一列 百分比%util,若是這一列的數值%99或者%100了,說明磁盤很是的忙 [root@test01 mail]# iostat -dx 1 (1就是1秒鐘顯示一次。後面還能夠加數字) Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.04 1.29 0.56 40.28 129.80 183.46 0.04 20.42 0.98 65.20 0.97 0.18 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.36 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 1.12 0.48 37.19 129.54 208.94 0.04 23.82 1.01 77.45 1.09 0.17 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.00 17.11 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.11 0.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 [root@test01 mail]# iostat -dx 1 2 Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.04 1.23 0.54 38.45 123.91 183.11 0.04 20.39 0.98 64.80 0.97 0.17 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.36 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 1.07 0.46 35.50 123.67 208.44 0.04 23.77 1.01 76.84 1.10 0.17 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.00 17.11 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.11 0.00 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 scd0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 [root@test01 mail]# iotop (把全部的進程使用磁盤的百分比以及讀寫速度列出來(就是IO使用率排序)) Total DISK READ : 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE : 0.00 B/s Actual DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Actual DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 269 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.33 % [kworker/0:3] 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % systemd --switched-ro~ystem --deserialize 21 2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd] 3 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0] 7 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/0] 520 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [xfs-buf/sda1] 9 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_sched] 10 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [watchdog/0] 523 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [xfs-cil/sda1] 12 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [khelper] 13 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kdevtmpfs] 14 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [netns] 15 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [khungtaskd] 16 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [writeback] 17 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kintegrityd] 18 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [bioset] 19 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kblockd] 20 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [md] 26 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kswapd0] 27 be/5 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksmd] 28 be/7 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [khugepaged] 29 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [fsnotify_mark] 30 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [crypto] 38 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthrotld] 1063 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % rsyslogd -n [in:imjournal] 40 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kmpath_rdacd] vmstat 命令 [root@test01 mail]# vmstat 1 10 進程相關 內存相關 swap相關 IO相關 系統相關 CPU相關 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 2 0 0 141280 76 643728 0 0 37 119 45 92 0 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 54 116 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 50 112 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 55 118 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 46 102 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 55 116 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 57 115 0 1 99 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 58 120 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 50 108 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 141264 76 643728 0 0 0 0 55 114 0 0 100 0 0 進程相關:r表示正在活躍的進程(包含running和waiting的進程,其中的2表示平均值)。b表示block,是被阻塞的進程(如磁盤很是忙,確定會被阻塞) 內存相關:內存不足的話swpd變成非0 swap相關:si表示讀swap,so表示寫swap,從swap進入到內存裏(這一列參照內存來講) io相關:bi表示磁盤的讀,bo表示磁盤的寫 cpu相關:cpu看id看空閒量,若是空閒不多說明,cpu使用率高,有瓶頸,100-id=等於使用率。wa表示等待cpu的百分比 監控網卡流量 sar命令(Linux系統的瑞士軍刀) [root@test01 ~]# sar -n DEV 1 10 Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 15時01分24秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分25秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分25秒 ens33 1.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分25秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分26秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分26秒 ens33 2.00 1.00 0.12 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分26秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分27秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分27秒 ens33 2.02 1.01 0.12 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分27秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分28秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分28秒 ens33 2.00 1.00 0.12 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分28秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分29秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分29秒 ens33 2.02 1.01 0.12 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 ^C 15時01分29秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 15時01分30秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時01分30秒 ens33 4.65 4.65 0.38 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 平均時間: lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: ens33 2.04 1.11 0.13 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 着重關注:rxpck/s表示接收到的包的數量,txpck/s表示傳送出去包的數量,rxkB/s表示網卡的流量也表示傳輸速度 100Mb 帶寬 Mbit比特 MByte字節 8bit=1Byte 2MB/s 2*8=16Mbit 100Mbit帶寬理論上的下載速度12.8MB/s sar若是不跟數字 [root@test01 ~]# sar -n DEV Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 14時00分02秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 14時10分01秒 lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時10分01秒 ens33 0.49 0.23 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時20分02秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時20分02秒 ens33 1.13 0.87 0.16 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時30分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時30分01秒 ens33 0.42 0.18 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時40分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時40分01秒 ens33 0.29 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時50分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時50分01秒 ens33 0.37 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時00分01秒 lo 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時00分01秒 ens33 0.32 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時10分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時10分01秒 ens33 0.46 0.17 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 平均時間: lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: ens33 0.50 0.24 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 若是不跟數字實際它看的就是這個文件,不能直接cat,只能用sar去查 [root@test01 ~]# ls /var/log/sa/sa19 今天是19號。 /var/log/sa/sa19 [root@test01 ~]# sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa19 只查看19號的網卡流量,若是不加-n DEV就是看19號的cpu Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 14時00分02秒 IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 14時10分01秒 lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時10分01秒 ens33 0.49 0.23 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時20分02秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時20分02秒 ens33 1.13 0.87 0.16 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時30分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時30分01秒 ens33 0.42 0.18 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時40分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時40分01秒 ens33 0.29 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時50分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14時50分01秒 ens33 0.37 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時00分01秒 lo 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時00分01秒 ens33 0.32 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時10分01秒 lo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15時10分01秒 ens33 0.46 0.17 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 平均時間: lo 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 平均時間: ens33 0.50 0.24 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 這個文件的記錄的多少或者多長是根據系統在線的時間來定的,每隔十分鐘記錄一次 [root@test01 ~]# sar 直接看sar看的是cpu Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 14時00分02秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14時10分01秒 all 0.07 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.00 99.72 14時20分02秒 all 2.18 0.00 0.69 0.01 0.00 97.12 14時30分01秒 all 0.23 0.00 0.17 0.01 0.00 99.59 14時40分01秒 all 0.04 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.00 99.83 14時50分01秒 all 0.04 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 99.83 15時00分01秒 all 0.12 0.00 0.23 0.01 0.00 99.65 15時10分01秒 all 0.05 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.00 99.78 15時20分01秒 all 0.05 0.00 0.15 0.01 0.00 99.79 平均時間: all 0.35 0.00 0.23 0.01 0.00 99.42 [root@test01 ~]# sar -b 看的是磁盤的io, Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 14時00分02秒 tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 14時10分01秒 0.36 0.17 0.19 11.84 3.00 14時20分02秒 0.54 0.11 0.43 23.09 10.56 14時30分01秒 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.29 14時40分01秒 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.75 14時50分01秒 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.53 15時00分01秒 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.00 2.02 15時10分01秒 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.34 15時20分01秒 0.12 0.06 0.07 9.24 0.81 平均時間: 0.17 0.04 0.13 5.53 2.41 [root@test01 ~]# sar -q 看的是系統負載,歷史系統負載 Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 (test01) 2019年03月19日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU) 14時00分02秒 runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked 14時10分01秒 1 144 0.06 0.03 0.05 0 14時20分02秒 1 145 0.06 0.09 0.07 0 14時30分01秒 1 143 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 14時40分01秒 1 144 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 14時50分01秒 1 143 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 15時00分01秒 1 143 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 15時10分01秒 1 143 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 15時20分01秒 1 144 0.00 0.01 0.05 0 平均時間: 1 144 0.01 0.02 0.05 0 nload命令(動態顯示網卡流量) [root@test01 ~]# nload 按方向鍵切換網卡 Device ens33 [192.168.28.107] (1/2): ========================================================================================================= Incoming: Curr: 944.00 Bit/s Avg: 1.30 kBit/s Min: 936.00 Bit/s Max: 2.73 kBit/s Ttl: 933.24 kByte Outgoing: Curr: 8.27 kBit/s Avg: 8.28 kBit/s Min: 6.04 kBit/s Max: 8.74 kBit/s Ttl: 2.82 MByte ethtool命令(查看網卡詳細信息)少關注最後一行,查看是否鏈接狀態 [root@test01 ~]# ethtool ens33 Settings for ens33: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 1000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: off (auto) Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes mii-tool 也能夠查看網卡是否鏈接狀態 [root@test01 ~]# mii-tool ens33 ens33: negotiated 1000baseT-FD flow-control, link ok ps命令 若是什麼都不加,只查詢當前終端已運行的一些進程(沒什麼意義) [root@test01 ~]# ps PID TTY TIME CMD 2356 pts/0 00:00:00 bash 3296 pts/0 00:00:00 ps [root@test01 ~]# ps aux 能夠查看全部用戶,包括前臺,後臺,系統級別,用戶級別,全部的進程 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.6 128152 6740 ? Ss 11:52 0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-roo root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [migration/0] root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [rcu_bh] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? R 11:52 0:00 [rcu_sched] root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [watchdog/0] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [khelper] root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [netns] root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [khungtaskd] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [writeback] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kintegrityd] root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [bioset] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kblockd] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [md] root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [kswapd0] root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 11:52 0:00 [ksmd] root 28 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 11:52 0:00 [khugepaged] root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [fsnotify_mark] root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [crypto] root 38 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kthrotld] root 40 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kmpath_rdacd] root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kpsmoused] root 43 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [ipv6_addrconf] root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [deferwq] root 94 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [kauditd] root 275 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [ata_sff] root 276 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [mpt_poll_0] root 277 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [mpt/0] root 285 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_0] root 286 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0] root 287 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_1] root 288 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:03 [kworker/u256:2] root 290 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1] root 292 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [scsi_eh_2] root 294 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [scsi_tmf_2] root 296 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [ttm_swap] root 367 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kdmflush] root 368 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [bioset] root 378 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [kdmflush] root 379 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [bioset] root 393 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfsalloc] root 394 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs_mru_cache] root 395 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-buf/dm-0] root 396 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-data/dm-0] root 397 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-conv/dm-0] root 398 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-cil/dm-0] root 399 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-reclaim/dm-] root 400 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-log/dm-0] root 401 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/d] root 402 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:01 [xfsaild/dm-0] root 468 0.0 0.3 34936 3108 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald root 492 0.0 0.4 46244 4584 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd root 507 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [nfit] root 520 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-buf/sda1] root 521 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-data/sda1] root 522 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-conv/sda1] root 523 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-cil/sda1] root 524 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-reclaim/sda] root 525 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-log/sda1] root 527 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11:52 0:00 [xfs-eofblocks/s] root 528 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11:52 0:00 [xfsaild/sda1] root 588 0.0 0.2 62012 2216 ? S<sl 11:52 0:00 /sbin/auditd -n polkitd 608 0.0 1.2 528324 12700 ? Ssl 11:52 0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug dbus 612 0.0 0.1 98316 1896 ? Ssl 11:52 0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=sys chrony 614 0.0 0.1 115944 1896 ? S 11:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/chronyd root 619 0.1 0.6 229368 6236 ? Ss 11:52 0:23 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd root 620 0.0 0.1 24252 1700 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind root 629 0.0 0.1 126316 1720 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/crond -n root 637 0.0 0.0 110096 852 tty1 Ss+ 11:52 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux root 643 0.0 2.6 327904 26672 ? Ssl 11:52 0:01 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld root 648 0.0 0.8 438076 8224 ? Ssl 11:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon root 992 0.0 1.6 553620 16516 ? Ssl 11:52 0:03 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l root 993 0.0 0.4 222168 4244 ? Ssl 11:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n root 1080 0.0 0.1 83016 1300 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 1087 0.0 0.1 115440 1748 ? S 11:52 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_saf root 1157 0.0 0.6 230780 6000 ? Ss 11:52 0:03 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php php-fpm 1162 0.0 0.6 230772 6004 ? S 11:52 0:00 php-fpm: pool bbs php-fpm 1163 0.0 0.6 230772 6008 ? S 11:52 0:00 php-fpm: pool bbs php-fpm 1164 0.0 0.6 230772 6008 ? S 11:52 0:00 php-fpm: pool blog php-fpm 1165 0.0 0.6 230772 6008 ? S 11:52 0:00 php-fpm: pool blog mysql 1313 0.0 9.0 1254952 90124 ? Sl 11:52 0:08 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/ root 1684 0.0 0.2 89544 2192 ? Ss 11:52 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w postfix 1728 0.0 0.4 89716 4064 ? S 11:52 0:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u root 2353 0.0 0.5 143648 5304 ? Ss 11:52 0:01 sshd: root@pts/0 root 2356 0.0 0.2 115780 2284 pts/0 Ss 11:52 0:00 -bash root 2398 0.0 0.1 46588 1348 ? Ss 11:54 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx - nginx 2399 0.0 0.2 47008 2144 ? S 11:54 0:00 nginx: worker process root 2842 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 13:35 0:00 [kworker/u256:1] root 3134 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? R 14:57 0:03 [kworker/0:1] postfix 3229 0.0 0.4 89648 4044 ? S 15:11 0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u root 3247 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 15:21 0:00 [kworker/0:2H] root 3283 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 15:31 0:00 [kworker/0:0H] root 3284 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:32 0:00 [kworker/0:0] root 3287 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 15:37 0:00 [kworker/0:1H] root 3289 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 15:37 0:00 [kworker/0:2] root 3297 0.0 0.1 151116 1852 pts/0 R+ 15:41 0:00 ps aux USER第一列 表示使用進程的用戶 PID 第二列 表示進程ID,pid。每一個進程都有本身的一個id %CPU第三列 cpu百分比 %MEM第四列 內存百分比 VSZ 第五列 虛擬內存大小 RSS 第六列 物理內存大小 TTY 第七列 所在的TTY,TTY若是是?號,通常是指在後臺,不屬於任何一個tty,登陸的終端shell就是一個tty STAT第八列 (這一列重要)進程的狀態, S Sleep(休眠狀態,最廣泛的狀態) R Running(在運行的狀態) s 父進程 N 低優先級 < 高優先級 + 前臺進程 l 多線程進程(用ps -eLf 能夠看到多線程的進程,好比查找一下MySQL) Z 殭屍進程 START第九列 啓動時間 TIME第十列 空閒時間 COMMAND第十一類 對應的指令、命令 ps aux須要關注進程的使用%cpu的百分比,%MEM的百分比,RSS使用物理內存的大小,STAT進程的狀態,COMMAND進程的指令及命令 [root@test01 ~]# ls -l /proc/2399(此命令加id號能夠查看到該進程相關的文件,用ps aux查看一個進程的時候顯示的很簡單,用/proc/id就能夠查看詳細的指令) 查看網絡鏈接情況(查看監聽端口) netstat命令 [root@test01 ~]# netstat -lnp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1738/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1209/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1738/master udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 623/chronyd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 623/chronyd raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 664/NetworkManager Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18749 1314/php-fpm: maste /tmp/bbs.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18751 1314/php-fpm: maste /tmp/blog.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19300 1738/master public/flush unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19318 1738/master public/showq unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19285 1738/master private/rewrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19288 1738/master private/bounce unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19291 1738/master private/defer unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19294 1738/master private/trace unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19308 1738/master private/proxywrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19312 1738/master private/smtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19315 1738/master private/relay unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19469 1209/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 12870 1/systemd /run/udev/control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19282 1738/master private/tlsmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14679 1/systemd /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19328 1738/master private/discard unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19331 1738/master private/local unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19334 1738/master private/virtual unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19337 1738/master private/lmtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19340 1738/master private/anvil unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19343 1738/master private/scache unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19278 1738/master public/qmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19321 1738/master private/error unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19325 1738/master private/retry unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19297 1738/master private/verify unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19271 1738/master public/pickup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19275 1738/master public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8398 1/systemd /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19303 1738/master private/proxymap unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 12788 1/systemd /run/systemd/private 只查看tcp的監聽端口 [root@test01 ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1738/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1209/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1738/master 只查看udp的監聽端口 [root@test01 ~]# netstat -lnup Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 623/chronyd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 623/chronyd 只查看tcp和udp的監聽端口 [root@test01 ~]# netstat -lnutp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1738/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2420/nginx: master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1209/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1096/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1738/master udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 623/chronyd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 623/chronyd 查看全部的網絡鏈接,包括監聽的包括已經鏈接的 [root@test01 ~]# ss -an 結果也相似netstat -an (但顯示比較快) [root@test01 ~]# netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 52 192.168.28.107:22 192.168.28.1:53969 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* raw6 0 0 :::58 :::* 7 Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18749 /tmp/bbs.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18751 /tmp/blog.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19300 public/flush unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19318 public/showq unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19285 private/rewrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19288 private/bounce unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19291 private/defer unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19294 private/trace unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19308 private/proxywrite unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19312 private/smtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19315 private/relay unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19469 /tmp/mysql.sock unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 12838 /run/systemd/shutdownd unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 12870 /run/udev/control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19282 private/tlsmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14679 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19328 private/discard unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19331 private/local unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19334 private/virtual unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19337 private/lmtp unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19340 private/anvil unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19343 private/scache unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19278 public/qmgr unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19321 private/error unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19325 private/retry unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 8385 /run/systemd/notify unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19297 private/verify unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 8387 /run/systemd/cgroups-agent unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19271 public/pickup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19275 public/cleanup unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8398 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 5 [ ] DGRAM 8401 /run/systemd/journal/socket unix 13 [ ] DGRAM 8403 /dev/log unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19303 private/proxymap unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 12788 /run/systemd/private unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 14581 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19320 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19324 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19270 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19317 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19323 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 19363 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14589 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 19381 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19280 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19327 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19326 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14588 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19332 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15966 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14914 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19330 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19284 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19329 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15743 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19336 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19335 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15827 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19279 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15967 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19333 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14915 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19339 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15826 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19338 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15818 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 20632 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19344 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15097 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19316 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15096 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19342 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19269 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15744 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19341 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19345 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19287 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 18747 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15627 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19286 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14718 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 13634 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15206 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15418 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19290 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 18176 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 13555 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19276 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15801 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19289 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15800 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 17947 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 13606 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19295 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15357 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14916 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15205 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 23092 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19293 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19277 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15419 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19292 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19298 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15466 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 21990 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19273 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14890 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19296 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19301 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15199 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19299 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15200 /run/systemd/journal/stdout unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19307 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 18830 /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 13175 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 21989 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19306 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 14889 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 18829 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 15356 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19302 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 13554 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19319 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19310 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15207 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15894 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19283 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19314 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 19241 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 18748 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19313 unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 15242 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19272 unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 19311 unix 3 [ ] DGRAM 13635 [root@test01 ~]# 抓包工具 -nn以數字的形式顯示,-i指定網卡,端口80 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 80 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 80 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 13:46:00.303769 IP 192.168.28.1.55389 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [S], seq 3172524667, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:46:00.303913 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55389: Flags [S.], seq 1911447629, ack 3172524668, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:46:00.304232 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [S], seq 327370390, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:46:00.304268 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [S.], seq 3180073244, ack 327370391, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:46:00.304793 IP 192.168.28.1.55389 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 261, length 0 13:46:00.304840 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 2091, length 0 13:46:00.305621 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:455, ack 1, win 2091, length 454: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 13:46:00.305652 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [.], ack 455, win 237, length 0 13:46:01.106174 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 1:8321, ack 455, win 237, length 8320: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK 13:46:01.108296 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 8321, win 2091, length 0 13:46:01.112753 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 8321:10991, ack 455, win 237, length 2670: HTTP 13:46:01.112891 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 10991:10996, ack 455, win 237, length 5: HTTP 13:46:01.114010 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 10996, win 2091, length 0 13:46:03.090434 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [P.], seq 455:909, ack 10996, win 2091, length 454: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 13:46:03.090482 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [.], ack 909, win 245, length 0 13:46:03.366217 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 10996:19316, ack 909, win 245, length 8320: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK 13:46:03.368354 IP 192.168.28.1.55390 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 19316, win 2091, length 0 13:46:03.372894 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 19316:21986, ack 909, win 245, length 2670: HTTP 13:46:03.373064 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55390: Flags [P.], seq 21986:21991, ack 909, win 245, length 5: HTTP 只抓80端口的10個包 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 port 80 -c 10 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 13:50:46.804758 IP 192.168.28.1.55537 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [S], seq 2594676514, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:50:46.805399 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55537: Flags [S.], seq 2539877308, ack 2594676515, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:50:46.806617 IP 192.168.28.1.55538 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [S], seq 200053957, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:50:46.806765 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55538: Flags [S.], seq 1478352046, ack 200053958, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:50:46.807685 IP 192.168.28.1.55537 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 261, length 0 13:50:46.807801 IP 192.168.28.1.55538 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 261, length 0 13:50:46.809629 IP 192.168.28.1.55537 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:455, ack 1, win 261, length 454: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 13:50:46.809726 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55537: Flags [.], ack 455, win 237, length 0 13:50:47.799242 IP 192.168.28.107.80 > 192.168.28.1.55537: Flags [P.], seq 1:8321, ack 455, win 237, length 8320: HTTP: HTTP/1.1 200 OK 13:50:47.800146 IP 192.168.28.1.55537 > 192.168.28.107.80: Flags [.], ack 2921, win 261, length 0 10 packets captured 12 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel 抓包指定存放路徑或者叫寫入到指定文件(若是不指定路徑,僅僅是在屏幕上顯示,顯示的只是包的流向) [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 -c 10 -w /tmp/1.cap tcpdump: listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel [root@test01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/1.cap -rw-r--r--. 1 tcpdump tcpdump 1392 3月 20 13:53 /tmp/1.cap [root@test01 ~]# ls -lh /tmp/1.cap -rw-r--r--. 1 tcpdump tcpdump 1.4K 3月 20 13:53 /tmp/1.cap 讀取抓取到的包 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -r /tmp/1.cap (也能夠加上 -nn) reading from file /tmp/1.cap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 13:53:24.200925 IP www.aaa.com.ssh > 192.168.28.1.53969: Flags [P.], seq 1882283593:1882283741, ack 2106030109, win 317, length 148 13:53:24.201429 IP 192.168.28.1.53969 > www.aaa.com.ssh: Flags [.], ack 148, win 2086, length 0 13:53:29.996538 IP 192.168.28.1.55610 > www.aaa.com.http: Flags [S], seq 3112038806, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:53:29.996651 IP www.aaa.com.http > 192.168.28.1.55610: Flags [S.], seq 704245333, ack 3112038807, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:53:29.997411 IP 192.168.28.1.55611 > www.aaa.com.http: Flags [S], seq 2246959224, win 65518, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0 13:53:29.997677 IP www.aaa.com.http > 192.168.28.1.55611: Flags [S.], seq 2637615863, ack 2246959225, win 29200, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0 13:53:29.997767 IP 192.168.28.1.55610 > www.aaa.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 261, length 0 13:53:29.998017 IP 192.168.28.1.55610 > www.aaa.com.http: Flags [P.], seq 1:455, ack 1, win 261, length 454: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 13:53:29.998092 IP www.aaa.com.http > 192.168.28.1.55610: Flags [.], ack 455, win 237, length 0 13:53:30.013054 IP 192.168.28.1.55611 > www.aaa.com.http: Flags [.], ack 1, win 261, length 0 反向指定,不要22端口 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 not port 22 -c 10 -w /tmp/1.cap tcpdump: listening on ens33, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel 還能夠這樣寫 [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 not port 22 and not port 80 -c 10 -w /tmp/2.cap 還能夠寫成限定IP [root@test01 ~]# tcpdump -nn -i ens33 not port 22 and not port 80 and not host 192.168.28.1 -c 10 -w /tmp/2.cap 抓到的包能夠放到windows下用wireshark工具分析,在Linux下也有這樣的用具,叫tshark,要先安裝wireshark包 [root@test01 ~]#yum install -y wireshark 用法和tcpdump特別像 [root@test01 ~]# tshark -nn -i ens33 Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous. Capturing on 'ens33' 1 0.000000000 192.168.28.1 -> 192.168.28.107 TCP 60 53969 > 22 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=2089 Len=0 2 0.069678344 00:50:56:c0:00:08 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 192.168.28.2? Tell 192.168.28.1 3 0.576803815 192.168.28.107 -> 192.168.28.1 SSH 314 Encrypted response packet len=260 4 0.618519032 192.168.28.1 -> 192.168.28.107 TCP 60 53969 > 22 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=261 Win=2088 Len=0 5 1.067259122 00:50:56:c0:00:08 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 192.168.28.2? Tell 192.168.28.1 6 1.318880114 192.168.28.107 -> 192.168.28.1 SSH 410 Encrypted response packet len=356 7 1.360251169 192.168.28.1 -> 192.168.28.107 TCP 60 53969 > 22 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=617 Win=2086 Len=0 8 1.863810229 192.168.28.107 -> 192.168.28.1 SSH 298 Encrypted response packet len=244 9 1.906595125 192.168.28.1 -> 192.168.28.107 TCP 60 53969 > 22 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=861 Win=2085 Len=0 10 2.411396943 192.168.28.107 -> 192.168.28.1 SSH 298 Encrypted response packet len=244 tshark的正確用法,出來的結果跟訪問日誌相似(命令很長)有來源ip,有域名,有對應的方法,有url [root@test01 ~]# tshark -i ens33 -n -t a -R http.request -T fields -e "frame.time" -e "http.host" -e "http.request.method" -e "http.request.uri" tshark: -R without -2 is deprecated. For single-pass filtering use -Y. Running as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous. Capturing on 'ens33' "Mar 20, 2019 14:16:54.122553219 CST" blog.champin.top GET / "Mar 20, 2019 14:16:58.915388171 CST" blog.champin.top GET / "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:01.573371949 CST" www.champin.top GET /?p=1 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:01.576945362 CST" blog.champin.top GET /?p=1 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:01.819057126 CST" www.champin.top GET /wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=5.0.3 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:01.828312956 CST" blog.champin.top GET /wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=5.0.3 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:08.260327793 CST" blog.champin.top GET /?p=1 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:09.978334198 CST" www.champin.top GET /?author=1 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:09.981046716 CST" blog.champin.top GET /?author=1 "Mar 20, 2019 14:17:20.217063100 CST" blog.champin.top GET /?p=1