以前討論的都是單視圖應用程序,而在實際應用中,咱們可能要多個視圖,並根據用戶的須要切換視圖。app
iOS中幾種典型的多視圖程序:ide
(1)Tab Bar Application:程序的底部有一排按鈕,輕觸其中一個按鈕,相應的視圖被激活並顯示出來;工具
(2)Navigation-Based Application:其特色是使用navigation controller,而navigation controller使用navigation bar來控制多級視圖;動畫
(3)Tool Bar Application:程序的底部有一個工具條,利用工具條中的按鈕來切換視圖,常常與Tab Bar Application混淆。atom
此次要作的例子就是使用了Tool Bar,只是簡單了實現了視圖切換功能,並添加一些視圖切換時的效果。在作例子以前,首先要了解一下視圖的切換原理。url
通常來講,一個多視圖的程序要至少三個View Controller,其中一個做爲Root Controller。所謂Root Controller,是指用戶看到的第一個Controller,而且在程序加載時這個Controller就加載了。.net
Root Controller一般是UINavigationController或者UITabBarController的子類,也能夠是UIViewController的一個子類。code
在多視圖程序中,Root Controller的工做得到兩個或者更多的其餘視圖,並根據用戶輸入顯示不用的視圖。ip
除Root Controller以外,其餘視圖就做爲Content Controller,能夠理解爲可能會顯示出來的各類視圖。rem
爲了更好地理解多視圖程序的結構,咱們從Empty Application開始建立咱們的程序。
一、建立工程:
運行Xcode 4.2,新建一個Empty Application,名稱爲MultiView,其餘設置以下圖:
二、建立3個View Controller:
依次選擇File — New — New File,打開以下窗口:
找到UIViewController subclass並單擊Next,打開下面的窗口:
輸入名稱RootViewController,而且保證Subclass of選擇UIViewController,下面的兩個選框都不選;按照一樣的步驟新建兩個View Controller,名稱分別是FirstViewController和SecondViewController。建好後,在Project Navigation中顯示文件以下:
三、爲三個View Controller建立.xib文件:
依次選擇File — New — New File,打開以下窗口:
在左邊選User Interface,右邊選View,單擊Next,在新窗口中的Device Family中選擇iPhone,單擊Next,打開以下窗口:
輸入名稱RootView,單擊Create,建立了一個.xib文件。用一樣的方法再建立兩個.xib,名稱分別是FirstView和SecondView。
四、修改App Delegate:
4.1 單擊AppDelegate.h,在其中添加代碼,在@interface以前添加@class RootViewController;在@end以前添加@property (strong, nonatomic) RootViewController *rootViewController;添加以後的代碼以下:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class RootViewController; @interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate> @property (strong, nonatomic) UIWindow *window; @property (strong, nonatomic) RootViewController *rootViewController; @end
4.2 單擊AppDelegate.m,修改其代碼。在@implementation以前添加#import "RootViewController.h",在@implementation以後添加@synthesize rootViewController;而後修改didFinishLaunchingWithOptions方法以下:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; // Override point for customization after application launch. self.rootViewController = [[RootViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"RootView" bundle:nil]; UIView *rootView = self.rootViewController.view; CGRect rootViewFrame = rootView.frame; rootViewFrame.origin.y += [UIApplication sharedApplication].statusBarFrame.size.height; rootView.frame = rootViewFrame; [self.window addSubview:rootView]; self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible]; return YES; }
① self.rootViewController = [[RootViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"RootView" bundle:nil];
這行代碼用於從RootView.xib文件中初始化rootViewController,注意initWithNibName:@"RootView"中不要後綴名.xib
② rootViewFrame.origin.y += [UIApplication sharedApplication].statusBarFrame.size.height;
使得RootViewController的視圖不會被狀態欄擋住
五、修改RootViewController.h:
單擊RootViewController.h,在其中添加兩個屬性和一個方法,以下:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class FirstViewController; @class SecondViewController; @interface RootViewController : UIViewController @property (strong, nonatomic) FirstViewController *firstViewController; @property (strong, nonatomic) SecondViewController *secondViewController; - (IBAction)switchViews:(id)sender; @end
六、打開RootView.xib,在坐邊選擇File’s Owner,在右邊打開Identity Inspector,在Class下拉菜單選擇RootViewController:
這樣,咱們就能夠從RootView.xib文件向RootViewController建立Outlet和Action了。
七、爲RootView.xib添加工具欄:打開RootView.xib,拖一個Tool Bar到視圖上,雙擊Tool Bar上的按鈕,修改其名稱爲Switch Views:
八、添加Action映射:
選中Switch Views按鈕,按住Control,拖到File’s Owner,鬆開鼠標後選擇switchViews方法:
九、選擇File’s Owner,按住Control鍵,拖到View,鬆開鼠標,選擇view:
十、修改RootViewController.m:
打開RootViewController.m文件,在@implementation以前添加代碼:
#import "FirstViewController.h" #import "SecondViewController.h"
在@implementation以後添加代碼:
@synthesize firstViewController; @synthesize secondViewController;
接下來修改viewDidLoad方法,這個方法默認是被註釋掉的,先去掉其周圍的註釋符,而後修改其代碼以下:
- (void)viewDidLoad { self.firstViewController = [[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstView" bundle:nil]; [self.view insertSubview: firstViewController.view atIndex:0]; [super viewDidLoad]; }
添加switchViews方法:
- (IBAction)switchViews:(id)sender { if (self.secondViewController.view.superview == nil) { if (self.secondViewController == nil) { self.secondViewController = [[SecondViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SecondView" bundle:nil]; } [firstViewController.view removeFromSuperview]; [self.view insertSubview:self.secondViewController.view atIndex:0]; } else { if (self.firstViewController == nil) { self.firstViewController = [[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstView" bundle:nil]; } [secondViewController.view removeFromSuperview]; [self.view insertSubview:self.firstViewController.view atIndex:0]; } }
修改didReceiveMemoryWarning方法:
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; if (self.firstViewController.view.superview == nil) { self.firstViewController = nil; } else { self.secondViewController = nil; } }
十一、打開FirstView.xib文件,選擇左邊的File’s Owner,而後在Identity Inspector中選擇Class爲FirstViewController;而後按住Control鍵從File’s Owner圖標拖到View,在彈出的菜單選擇view。爲SecondView.xib進行一樣的操做,不過Class選擇爲SecondViewController。
十二、打開FirstView.xib文件,選擇View,打開Attribute Inspector,進行以下設置:
對SecondView.xib進行一樣設置,不過背景顏色設成紅色。
1三、此時運行程序,你會看見剛啓動的時候,程序顯示的綠色背景,輕觸Switch Views按鈕後,背景變成了紅色。不斷輕觸按鈕,背景不斷變換。
1四、添加切換背景的動畫效果:
打開RootViewController.m,修改其中的switchViews方法以下:
- (IBAction)switchViews:(id)sender { [UIView beginAnimations:@"View Flip" context:nil]; [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.25]; [UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseInOut]; if (self.secondViewController.view.superview == nil) { if (self.secondViewController == nil) { self.secondViewController = [[SecondViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"SecondView" bundle:nil]; } [UIView setAnimationTransition: UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight forView:self.view cache:YES]; [self.firstViewController.view removeFromSuperview]; [self.view insertSubview:self.secondViewController.view atIndex:0]; } else { if (self.firstViewController == nil) { self.firstViewController = [[FirstViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"FirstView" bundle:nil]; } [UIView setAnimationTransition: UIViewAnimationTransitionCurlUp forView:self.view cache:YES]; [self.secondViewController.view removeFromSuperview]; [self.view insertSubview:self.firstViewController.view atIndex:0]; } [UIView commitAnimations]; }
注意四個表示切換效果的常量:
UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromLeft UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight UIViewAnimationTransitionCurlDown UIViewAnimationTransitionCurlUp
分別表示從左翻轉、從右翻轉、向下卷、向上卷。
運行後翻頁效果以下: