輪播圖千種萬種,怎樣才能作出符合要求的輪播圖?原理上天入地,如何優化才能達到極限絲滑?本文做者將解答這一切,經過現場製做一個輪播圖,帶你詳細瞭解、理解,製做 All kinds of 高性能輪播圖 !javascript
仿自 Google Playcss
不過,在事實上,輪播圖的點擊率一般都很低,不多能引發用戶的注意,而卻每每佔用了頁面某個極重要的位置。你的網站真的須要一個輪播圖嗎?輕輕問本身三聲,谷歌一下對輪播圖效果的相關調查和建議,再決定是否要着手製做你的輪播圖。html
2017.8.20 更新——————————
1. 代碼簡潔化 & 語言精簡
2. 刪去不被推薦的有限部分
3. API 重寫java
! ES6 API 重寫
ES6 啊,,牛逼啊!我TM要火啊!!
然而並無。瀏覽器
1. 結構函數
div.father
包裹圖片。div.viewport
爲視口部分。性能
<div class="viewport" id="example"> <div class="father"> <div>A</div><!-- 1 --> <div>B</div> <div>C</div><!-- 3 --> <div>D</div> <div>E</div><!-- 5 --> </div> <div class="mother">左</div> <div class="mother">右</div> </div>
.viewport { width: 900px; height: 300px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .father { height: inherit; width: 3000%; /* 子元素 float 沒法撐開 */ transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out; } .father > div { width: 550px; height: inherit; float: left; } .mother { width: 30px; height: inherit; line-height: 300px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; user-select:none; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.15); position: absolute;top: 0; } .mother.left { left: 0 } .mother.right { right: 0 }
transform: translate3d()
使用 GPU 加速。測試
2. 代碼實現優化
class Lunbo { constructor(element) { this.viewport = element; this.father = element.children[0]; this.photos = this.father.children; // 自設的圖片寬, 包括 margin this.photoWidth = this.photos[0].offsetWidth + parseInt(getComputedStyle(this.photos[0]).marginLeft) + parseInt(getComputedStyle(this.photos[0]).marginRight); // 註冊移動事件 element.children[1].addEventListener('click', this.left.bind(this)); element.children[2].addEventListener('click', this.right.bind(this)); } load() { } left() { this.load(this.showingId - 1); } right() { this.load(this.showingId + 1); } }
fatherGo(to)
負責跳轉到指定的焦點圖;(此處如下全部代碼僅顯示添加 / 修改部分)
思路也是難點。一題,這樣解決:動畫
class Lunbo { constructor(element) { // (可視寬 -焦點圖片寬) / 2,焦點圖到視口左或右的距離 this.partnerWidth = (this.viewport.clientWidth - this.photoWidth) / 2; } // 計算移動距離 countX(id) { return -id * this.photoWidth + this.partnerWidth; } // 切換 / 載入 / 移動圖片。無參數則除法求整,僅用來切換到一個瞎選的初始焦點 load(newId = parseInt(this.photos.length / 2) - 1) { this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; this.showingId = newId; } } // 切換至初始焦點 const Example = new Lunbo(document.getElementById("example")); Example.load();
countX(id)
解釋:
若將 Id = 2 對應圖片(第 3 張)做焦點,向左挪過去兩張(此時該圖靠最左),後加回partnerWidth
二題:
<div class="father" id="father"> <div>A</div><div>B</div><div>C</div><div>D</div><div>E</div> <div>A</div> <div>B</div> <div>C</div> <div>D</div> <div>E</div> <div>A</div><div>B</div><div>C</div><div>D</div><div>E</div> </div>
三倍於展現圖,JS 動態生成亦可。稱之三個塊。
.moving { transition: none }
在接近塊間距時關閉動畫移至另外一塊相應位置。
class Lunbo { constructor(element) { // 表示接近邊緣的圖片 Id。接近左邊緣的即第2 張圖,右邊緣的則爲倒數第二張 this.closeLeftId = 1; this.closeRightId = this.photos.length - 2; this.photosQuantity = this.photos.length / 3; // 當運動到上面兩個 Id 時默默移動到的對應 Id // 接近左邊時跳轉到右邊塊的第二張 // 接近右邊則跳轉到左邊塊的倒數第二張 this.backLeftId = this.photosQuantity - 2; this.backRightId = this.photosQuantity * 2 + 1; } load(newId = parseInt(this.photos.length / 2) - 1) { this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; if (newId === this.closeLeftId){ newId = this.backRightId; } else if (newId === this.closeRightId){ newId = this.backLeftId; } else { this.showingId = newId; return; } this.father.addEventListener('transitionend', this.backMove.bind(this, newId), {once: true}); } backMove(newId) { this.father.classList.add("moving"); this.father.clientWidth(); this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; this.father.clientWidth(); this.father.classList.remove("moving"); this.showingId = newId; } }
4. 整理代碼
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <title>17.8.20</title> <style> html,body { height: 100% } .viewport { width: 900px;height: 300px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .father { height: inherit; width: 3000%; transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0); transition: transform 0.3s ease-in-out; } .father.moving { transition: none } .father > div { width: 550px;height: inherit;background: #aaa; float: left; } .mother { width: 30px; height: inherit; line-height: 300px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; user-select:none; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.15); position: absolute;top: 0; } .mother.left { left: 0 } .mother.right { right: 0 } </style></head><body> <div class="viewport" id="example"> <div class="father"> <div>A</div><div>B</div><div>C</div><div>D</div><div>E</div> <div>A</div> <div>B</div> <div>C</div> <div>D</div> <div>E</div> <div>A</div><div>B</div><div>C</div><div>D</div><div>E</div> </div> <div class="mother left">左</div> <div class="mother right">右</div> </div> <script> class Lunbo { constructor(element) { this.viewport = element; this.father = element.children[0]; this.photos = this.father.children; // 自設的圖片寬, 包括 margin this.photoWidth = this.photos[0].offsetWidth + parseInt(getComputedStyle(this.photos[0]).marginLeft) + parseInt(getComputedStyle(this.photos[0]).marginRight); // (可視寬 -焦點圖片寬) / 2,焦點圖到視口左或右的距離 this.partnerWidth = (this.viewport.clientWidth - this.photoWidth) / 2; // 表示接近邊緣的圖片 Id。接近左邊緣的即第2 張圖,右邊緣的則爲倒數第二張 this.closeLeftId = 1; this.closeRightId = this.photos.length - 2; this.photosQuantity = this.photos.length / 3; // 當運動到上面兩個 Id 時默默移動到的對應 Id // 接近左邊時跳轉到右邊塊的第二張 // 接近右邊則跳轉到左邊塊的倒數第二張 this.backLeftId = this.photosQuantity - 2; this.backRightId = this.photosQuantity * 2 + 1; // 註冊移動事件 element.children[1].addEventListener('click', this.left.bind(this)); element.children[2].addEventListener('click', this.right.bind(this)); } // 計算移動距離 countX(id) { return -id * this.photoWidth + this.partnerWidth; } // 切換 / 載入 / 移動圖片。無參數則除法求整,僅用來切換到一個瞎選的初始焦點 load(newId = parseInt(this.photos.length / 2) - 1) { this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; if (newId === this.closeLeftId){ newId = this.backRightId; } else if (newId === this.closeRightId){ newId = this.backLeftId; } else { this.showingId = newId; return; } this.father.addEventListener('transitionend', this.backMove.bind(this, newId), {once: true}); } backMove(newId) { this.father.classList.add("moving"); this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; this.father.clientWidth; this.father.classList.remove("moving"); this.showingId = newId; } left() { this.load(this.showingId - 1); } right() { this.load(this.showingId + 1); } } // 切換至初始焦點 const Example = new Lunbo(document.getElementById("example")); Example.load(); </script></body></html>
代碼已經過測試。你須要碼更多的代碼,兼容各個瀏覽器,以及讓它能夠被更好地維護,而後作得更好(裝)看(B)一些。
一味把<script>
放到</body>
前只會拔苗助長——你須要 「加載優化」 ;焦點圖沒有特別樣式不夠突出——你在想 「突出焦點」 ;須要給予用戶更多自主選擇——去看看 「位置指示」
咱們會在頁面載入後看到輪播圖從第一張轉到焦點 —— 很是有損體驗。可把一部分<script>
放到<head>
裏或輪播圖前,阻塞渲染。最好是提早計算 translateX 。
<div class="father" id="father" style="transform: translate3d(-3125px, 0px, 0px)"> </div>
而後刪去多餘初始移動代碼。
焦點 { 放大到110% } 其餘 { 半透明;正常大小 } .focusing { opacity: 1;transform: scale3d(1.1, 1.1, 1) } .father > div { opacity: 0.4;background: #bbb;transition: inherit; }
爲Lunbo.load(newId)
及backMove(newId)
添加‘焦點樣式更改’行
class Lunbo { ...(先後文省略) load(newId) { ... this.photos[showingId].classList.remove("focusing"); this.photos[newId].classList.add("focusing"); ... } ... backMove(newId) { this.father.classList.add("moving"); this.photos[newId].classList.add("focusing"); this.father.style.transform = `translate3d(${this.countX(newId)}px, 0, 0)`; this.father.clientWidth; this.father.classList.remove("moving"); this.photos[showingId].classList.remove("focusing"); this.showingId = newId; } ... }
<div class = "father" id="father" style="transform: translate3d(-3125px, 0px, 0px);"> ... <div class="focusing">..</div><!--提早選擇焦點 --> ... </div>
(在更新 ES6 以前,)這裏的代碼通過了測試。
1. 顯示
.seter { width: 400px;height: 20px; position: absolute;bottom: 0;left: calc(50% - 200px); cursor: pointer; } .seter > div { width: 80px;height: 28px; background: orange; float: left; } .seter > .on { margin-top: -8px;transition: margin 0.5s ease-in-out; }
<div class="viewport" id="example"> <div class="father" ...> ... </div> <div class="mother" id="left" left>左</div> <div class="mother" id="right" right>右</div> <div class="seter" id="seter"> <div data-seter-id="0"></div> <div class="on" data-seter-id="1"></div> <div data-seter-id="2"></div> <div data-seter-id="3"></div> <div data-seter-id="4"></div> </div> </div>
class Lunbo { constructor(element) { ... this.seters = element.children[3].children; ... // 註冊移動事件 ... element.children[3].addEventListener('click', function (event) { if (!event.target.hasAttribute('data-seter-id')) return; this.load(Number(event.target.getAttribute('data-seter-id'))); }.bind(this)) } ... load(newId) { ... this.seters[this.toSeterId(showingId)].className = ''; this.seters[this.toSeterId(newId)].className = 'on'; ... } ... toSeterId(id) { let seterId; if(id >= this.photosQuantity * 2) { seterId = id - 2 * this.photosQuantity; } else if(id >= this.photosQuantity) { seterId = id - this.photosQuantity; } return seterId; } }
2. 可切換
backMove
至中間塊,後再進行移動;// 繼上文 「顯示」 進一步更改 class Lunbo { constructor(element) { ... this.magicNumber = parseInt(this.photosQuantity / 2); ... // 註冊移動事件 ... element.children[3].addEventListener('click', function (event) { if (!event.target.hasAttribute('data-seter-id')) return; const newId = Number(event.target.getAttribute('data-seter-id')) + this.photosQuantity; // 切換至中間塊 this.backMove(toSeterId(showingId) + this.photosQuantity); // 最短路徑選擇 if (newId > this.showingId + this.magicNumber) { // XXXX則移至左塊 this.load(newId - this.photosQuantity); } else if (newId < this.showingId - this.magicNumber) { // XXXX則移至右塊 this.load(newId + this.photosQuantity); } else { // 中間塊不變 this.load(newId); } }.bind(this)) } ... }
我忽然知道爲何越牛的大牛會越愈來愈牛了 !!!∑(゚Д゚ノ)ノ
其實他們原本是想寫一個文檔來講明,寫一個動態圖演示給新手的!('▽'〃)
可是……
作完後他們必定會腰痠背痛……(;`O´)o
// 本文再也不更新,除非做者開心