若是咱們的系統要用GUI(圖形界面接口),這時LCD設備驅動程序就應該編寫成frambuffer接口,而不是像以前那樣只編寫操做底層的LCD控制器接口。html
什麼是frambuffer設備?node
frambuffer設備層是對圖像設備的一種抽象,它表明了視頻硬件的幀緩存,使得應用程序經過定義好的接口就能夠訪問硬件。因此應用程序不須要考慮底層的(寄存器級)的操做。應用程序對設備文件的訪問通常在/dev目錄,如 /dev/fb*。c++
內核中的frambuffer在drivers/video/fbmem.c(fb: frame buffer)數組
1.咱們進入fbmem.c找到它的入口函數:緩存
static int __init fbmem_init(void) { create_proc_read_entry("fb", 0, NULL, fbmem_read_proc, NULL); if (register_chrdev(FB_MAJOR,"fb",&fb_fops)) //(1)建立字符設備 printk("unable to get major %d for fb devs\n", FB_MAJOR); fb_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "graphics"); //建立類 if (IS_ERR(fb_class)) { printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create fb class; errno = %ld\n", PTR_ERR(fb_class)); fb_class = NULL; } return 0; }
(1)建立字符設備"fb", FB_MAJOR=29,主設備號爲29,咱們cat /proc/devices 也能找到這個字符設備:ide
和咱們以前的驅動程序同樣,可是沒有使用建立設備節點,爲何?函數
由於須要註冊了LCD驅動後,纔會有設備節點,因此這裏的代碼沒有 ,後面會分析哪裏有。spa
2.咱們來看看註冊的file_operations結構體fb_fops的.open函數和.read函數,應用層是如何打開驅動、讀取驅動數據3d
2.1 fb_open函數以下:code
static int fb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { int fbidx = iminor(inode); //獲取設備節點的次設備號 struct fb_info *info; //定義fb_info結構體 int res = 0; ... ... if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx])) //(1) info= registered_fb[fbidx],獲取此設備號的lcd驅動信息 try_to_load(fbidx); ... ... if (info->fbops->fb_open) { res = info->fbops->fb_open(info,1); //調用registered_fb[fbidx]->fbops->fb_open if (res) module_put(info->fbops->owner); } return res; }
(1) registered_fb[fbidx] 這個數組也是fb_info結構體,其中fbidx等於次設備號id,顯然這個數組就是保存咱們各個lcd驅動的信息
2.2 fb_read函數以下:
static ssize_t fb_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) { unsigned long p = *ppos; struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode; int fbidx = iminor(inode); //獲取次設備號 struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx]; //獲取次設備號的lcd驅動的信息 u32 *buffer, *dst; u32 __iomem *src; int c, i, cnt = 0, err = 0; unsigned long total_size; ... ... if (info->fbops->fb_read) return info->fbops->fb_read(info, buf, count, ppos); total_size = info->screen_size; //獲取屏幕長度
... ... buffer = kmalloc((count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count,GFP_KERNEL); //分配緩衝區 if (!buffer) return -ENOMEM; src = (u32 __iomem *) (info->screen_base + p); //獲取顯存物理基地址 if (info->fbops->fb_sync) info->fbops->fb_sync(info); while (count) { c = (count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count; //獲取頁地址 dst = buffer; /*由於src是32位,一個src等於4個字節,因此頁地址c >> 2*/ for (i = c >> 2; i--; ) *dst++ = fb_readl(src++); //讀取顯存每一個像素點數據,放到dst地址上 if (c & 3) { u8 *dst8 = (u8 *) dst; u8 __iomem *src8 = (u8 __iomem *) src; for (i = c & 3; i--;) *dst8++ = fb_readb(src8++); src = (u32 __iomem *) src8; } if (copy_to_user(buf, buffer, c)) { //上傳數據,長度等於頁地址大小 err = -EFAULT; break; } *ppos += c; buf += c; cnt += c; count -= c; } kfree(buffer); return (err) ? err : cnt; }
從.open和.write函數中能夠發現,都依賴於fb_info幀緩衝信息結構體,它從registered_fb[fbidx]數組中獲得,這個數組保存咱們各個lcd驅動的信息
3.咱們來找找這個數組在哪裏被註冊,位於register_framebuffer():
int register_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info) { ... ... for (i = 0 ; i < FB_MAX; i++) //查找空的數組 if (!registered_fb[i]) break; fb_info->node = i; ... ... /*建立設備節點,名稱爲fdi,主設備號爲29,次設備號爲i */ fb_info->dev = device_create(fb_class, fb_info->device,MKDEV(FB_MAJOR, i), "fb%d", i); ... ... registered_fb[i] = fb_info; ... ... }
得出這個register_framebuffer()除了註冊fb_info,還建立了設備節點
因此要註冊驅動時就調用這個,以下圖所示:
4.咱們來看看/drivers/video/s3c2410fb.c 中又是怎麼實現驅動的
4.1先找到入口出口函數:
int __devinit s3c2410fb_init(void) { return platform_driver_register(&s3c2410fb_driver); } static void __exit s3c2410fb_cleanup(void) { platform_driver_unregister(&s3c2410fb_driver); }
發現是註冊、註銷設備平臺drv
4.2 來看看s3c2410fb_driver 如何定義的
static struct platform_driver s3c2410fb_driver = { .probe = s3c2410fb_probe, //檢測函數,註冊設備 .remove = s3c2410fb_remove, //刪除設備 .suspend = s3c2410fb_suspend, //休眠 .resume = s3c2410fb_resume, //喚醒 .driver = { .name = "s3c2410-lcd", //drv名字 .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, };
和咱們上節分析的platform機制同樣,當與設備匹配成功,就進入probe函數,初始化驅動設備
4.3 來看看.probe函數,如何實現驅動的
static int __init s3c2410fb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct s3c2410fb_info *info; struct fb_info *fbinfo; struct s3c2410fb_hw *mregs; int ret; int irq; int i; u32 lcdcon1; mach_info = pdev->dev.platform_data; //獲取LCD設備信息(長寬、類型等) if (mach_info == NULL) { dev_err(&pdev->dev,"no platform data for lcd, cannot attach\n"); return -EINVAL; } mregs = &mach_info->regs; irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); if (irq < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no irq for device\n"); return -ENOENT; } fbinfo = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct s3c2410fb_info), &pdev->dev); //1.分配一個fb_info結構體 if (!fbinfo) { return -ENOMEM; } /*2.設置fb_info*/ info = fbinfo->par; info->fb = fbinfo; info->dev = &pdev->dev; ... ... /*3.硬件相關的操做,設置中斷,LCD時鐘頻率,顯存地址, 配置引腳... ...*/ ret = request_irq(irq, s3c2410fb_irq, IRQF_DISABLED, pdev->name, info); //設置中斷 info->clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd"); //獲取時鐘 clk_enable(info->clk); //使能時鐘 ret = s3c2410fb_map_video_memory(info); //顯存地址 ret = s3c2410fb_init_registers(info); //設置寄存器,配置引腳 ... ...
ret = register_framebuffer(fbinfo); //4.註冊一個fb_info結構體 if (ret < 0) { printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register framebuffer device: %d\n", ret); goto free_video_memory; } ... ... return ret; }
4.4 顯然要寫個LCD驅動程序,須要如下4步:
1) 分配一個fb_info結構體: framebuffer_alloc();
2) 設置fb_info
3) 硬件相關的操做(設置中斷,LCD時鐘頻率,顯存地址, 配置引腳... ...)
4 註冊fb_info: register_framebuffer()
下節就開始如何來寫LCD驅動
(LCD驅動詳解入口地址: http://www.cnblogs.com/lifexy/p/7604011.html)