Iterator和ConcurrentModificationException

代碼一:java

public class IteratorTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("hello");
        list.add("world");
        list.add("java");
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			String string = (String) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(string);
			if(string.equals("hello")) {
				list.remove(string);
			}
		}
	}
}

結果以下:ide

會拋出ConcurrentModificationException。ui

Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:907)
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:857)
	at test.IteratorTest.main(IteratorTest.java:17)

 

代碼二:this

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class IteratorTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("hello");
        list.add("world");
        list.add("java");
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			String string = (String) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(string);
			if(string.equals("world")) {
				list.remove(string);
			}
		}
	}
}

結果以下:blog

程序居然正常結束了!element

hello
world

 

代碼三:rem

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class IteratorTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("hello");
        list.add("world");
        list.add("java");
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			String string = (String) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(string);
			if(string.equals("java")) {
				list.remove(string);
			}
		}
	}
}

結果以下:源碼

依然是ConcurrentModificationException.string

hello
world
java
Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:907)
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:857)
	at test.IteratorTest.main(IteratorTest.java:15)

  

應該看看源碼,答案就在源碼中。it

ArrayList對iterator()方法的實現是這樣的:

public Iterator<E> iterator() {
    return new Itr();
}

ArrayList.java裏面有一個內部類:

private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
        int cursor;       // index of next element to return
        int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
        int expectedModCount = modCount;

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public E next() {
            checkForComodification();
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            cursor = i + 1;
            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
        }

        public void remove() {
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
                cursor = lastRet;
                lastRet = -1;
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }

        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
            final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size) {
                return;
            }
            final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
            while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
                consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
            }
            // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
            cursor = i;
            lastRet = i - 1;
            checkForComodification();
        }

        final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
}
  

cursor是下一個要被訪問元素的index,lastRet是上一個被訪問的元素。初始的時候cursor是0,lastRet是-1。

第一次調用iterator的next方法,會返回elementData[0]。而後cursor變成1,lastRet變成0。

第二次調用iterator的next方法,會返回elementData[1]。而後cursor變成2,lastRet變成1。

......以此類推,直到hasNext()返回false。而hasNext()返回false的條件是,cursor等於size。  

 

來解釋一下代碼二爲何正常結束:

list裏面放着:"hello", "world", "java"

初始size=3, cursor=0。

第一次循環:hasNext()爲真,next()後,獲得"hello", cursor變爲1;

第二次循環:hasNext()爲真,next()後,獲得"world", cursor變爲2,這時要作刪除操做。刪除操做後size變爲2。

第三次循環:hasNext()爲假,由於cursor = size (都爲2),循環退出,程序正常結束。

 

 代碼一和代碼三會拋出ConcurrentModificationException:

先來看看next方法:

public E next() {
        checkForComodification();
        int i = cursor;
        if (i >= size)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
        if (i >= elementData.length)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        cursor = i + 1;
        return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}

第一步會執行checkForComodification():

final void checkForComodification() {
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}

當modCount不等於expectedModCount時,就會拋出這個異常。

expectedModCount在Itr這個內部類中,初始讓它等於modCount。

modCount在AbstractList.java中,初始值是0。當List有add,remove等操做,modCount就會加1。

ArrayList.java中的remove()操做:

public E remove(int index) {
        rangeCheck(index);

        modCount++;
        E oldValue = elementData(index);

        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work

        return oldValue;
}

因此執行list.remove()後,modCount和expectedCount就不同了,下一次next()的時候就會報錯。代碼二是由於hasNext()爲false,躲過了這個報錯。

 

正確的作法是用iterator.remove():

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class IteratorTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("hello");
        list.add("world");
        list.add("java");
        Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			String string = (String) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(string);
			if(string.equals("java")) {
				iterator.remove();
			}
		}
	}
}

結果以下:

hello
world
java
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