在Java5中,專門提供了鎖對象,利用鎖能夠方便的實現資源的封鎖,用來控制對競爭資源併發訪問的控制,這些內容主要集中在java.util.concurrent.locks 包下面,裏面有三個重要的接口Condition、Lock、ReadWriteLock。java
Condition | Condition 將 Object 監視器方法(wait 、notify 和 notifyAll )分解成大相徑庭的對象,以便經過將這些對象與任意 Lock 實現組合使用,爲每一個對象提供多個等待 set (wait-set)。 |
Lock | Lock 實現提供了比使用 synchronized 方法和語句可得到的更普遍的鎖定操做。 |
ReadWriteLock | ReadWriteLock 維護了一對相關的鎖定 ,一個用於只讀操做,另外一個用於寫入操做。 |
有關鎖的介紹,API文檔解說不少,看得很煩,仍是看個例子再看文檔比較容易理解。併發
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Java線程:鎖
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立併發訪問的帳戶
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000);
//建立一個鎖對象
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
//建立一個線程池
ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
//建立一些併發訪問用戶,一個信用卡,存的存,取的取,好熱鬧啊
User u1 = new User("張三", myCount, -4000, lock);
User u2 = new User("張三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock);
User u3 = new User("張三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock);
User u4 = new User("張三", myCount, 800, lock);
//在線程池中執行各個用戶的操做
pool.execute(u1);
pool.execute(u2);
pool.execute(u3);
pool.execute(u4);
//關閉線程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡的用戶
*/
class User implements Runnable {
private String name; //用戶名
private MyCount myCount; //所要操做的帳戶
private int iocash; //操做的金額,固然有正負之分了
private Lock myLock; //執行操做所需的鎖對象
User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, Lock myLock) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.iocash = iocash;
this.myLock = myLock;
}
public void run() {
//獲取鎖
myLock.lock();
//執行現金業務
System.out.println(name + "正在操做" + myCount + "帳戶,金額爲" + iocash + ",當前金額爲"+ myCount.getCash());
myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash);
System.out.println(name + "操做" + myCount + "帳戶成功,金額爲" + iocash + ",當前金額爲"+ myCount.getCash());
//釋放鎖,不然別的線程沒有機會執行了
myLock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* 信用卡帳戶,可隨意透支
*/
class MyCount {
private String oid; //帳號
private int cash; //帳戶餘額
MyCount(String oid, int cash) {
this.oid = oid;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(String oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public int getCash() {
return cash;
}
public void setCash(int cash) {
this.cash = cash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyCount{" +
"oid='" + oid + '\'' +
", cash=" + cash +
'}';
}
}ide
張三正在操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}帳戶,金額爲-4000,當前金額爲10000
張三操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}帳戶成功,金額爲-4000,當前金額爲6000
張三他爹正在操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}帳戶,金額爲6000,當前金額爲6000
張三他爹操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}帳戶成功,金額爲6000,當前金額爲12000
張三他弟正在操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=12000}帳戶,金額爲-8000,當前金額爲12000
張三他弟操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}帳戶成功,金額爲-8000,當前金額爲4000
張三正在操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4000}帳戶,金額爲800,當前金額爲4000
張三操做MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}帳戶成功,金額爲800,當前金額爲4800
Process finished with exit code 0this
從上面的輸出能夠看到,利用鎖對象太方便了,比直接在某個不知情的對象上用鎖清晰多了。spa
但必定要注意的是,在獲取了鎖對象後,用完後應該儘快釋放鎖,以便別的等待該鎖的線程有機會去執行。.net
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