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npm init
with initializer (npm 6.1+)html
npx
with generator (npm 5.2+)node
yarn create
with initializer (yarn 0.25+)react
例如咱們新建一個叫my-app的SPA:webpack
my-app├── README.md├── node_modules├── package.json├── .gitignore├── public│ ├── favicon.ico│ ├── index.html│ └── manifest.json└── src ├── App.css ├── App.js ├── App.test.js ├── index.css ├── index.js ├── logo.svg └── serviceWorker.js
經過添加參數生成ts支持:git
npx create-react-app my-app --typescript# oryarn create react-app my-app --typescript
固然,若是咱們是把一個CRA已經生成的js項目改爲支持ts,能夠:github
npm install --save typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest# oryarn add typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest
而後,將.js文件後綴改爲.ts重啓development server便可。web
CRA除了能幫咱們構建出一個React的SPA項目(generator),充當腳手架的做用。還能爲咱們在項目開發,編譯時進行構建,充當builder的做用。能夠看到生成的項目中的 package.json
包含不少命令:chrome
react-scripts start
啓動開發模式下的一個dev-server,並支持代碼修改時的 HotReload
typescript
react-scripts build
使用webpack進行編譯打包,生成生產模式下的全部腳本,靜態資源
react-scripts test
執行全部測試用例,完成對咱們每一個模塊質量的保證
這裏,咱們針對start這條線進行追蹤,探查CRA實現的原理。入口爲 create-react-app/packages/react-scripts/bin/react-scripts.js
,這個腳本會在react-scripts中設置到 package.json
的bin字段中去,也就是說這個package能夠做爲可執行的nodejs腳本,經過cli方式在nodejs宿主環境中。這個入口腳本很是簡單,這裏只列出主要的一個 switch
分支:
switch (script) { case 'build': case 'eject': case 'start': case 'test': { const result = spawn.sync( 'node', nodeArgs .concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script)) .concat(args.slice(scriptIndex + 1)), { stdio: 'inherit' } ); if (result.signal) { if (result.signal === 'SIGKILL') { console.log( 'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' + 'This probably means the system ran out of memory or someone called ' + '`kill -9` on the process.' ); } else if (result.signal === 'SIGTERM') { console.log( 'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' + 'Someone might have called `kill` or `killall`, or the system could ' + 'be shutting down.' ); } process.exit(1); } process.exit(result.status); break; } default: console.log('Unknown script "' + script + '".'); console.log('Perhaps you need to update react-scripts?'); console.log( 'See: https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/updating-to-new-releases' ); break;}
能夠看到,當根據不一樣command,會分別resolve不一樣的js腳本,執行不一樣的任務,這裏咱們繼續看 require('../scripts/start')
:
// Do this as the first thing so that any code reading it knows the right env.process.env.BABEL_ENV = 'development';process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
由於是開發模式,因此這裏把babel,node的環境變量都設置爲 development
,而後是全局錯誤的捕獲,這些都是一個cli腳本一般的處理方式:
// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.process.on('unhandledRejection', err => { throw err;});
確保其餘的環境變量配置也讀進進程了,因此這裏會經過 ../config/env
腳本進行初始化:
// Ensure environment variables are read.require('../config/env');
還有一些預檢查,這部分是做爲eject以前對項目目錄的檢查,這裏由於eject不在咱們範圍,直接跳過。而後進入到了咱們主腳本的依賴列表:
const fs = require('fs');
const chalk = require('react-dev-utils/chalk');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');
const clearConsole = require('react-dev-utils/clearConsole');
const checkRequiredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/checkRequiredFiles');
const {
choosePort,
createCompiler,
prepareProxy,
prepareUrls,
} = require('react-dev-utils/WebpackDevServerUtils');
const openBrowser = require('react-dev-utils/openBrowser');
const paths = require('../config/paths');
const configFactory = require('../config/webpack.config');
const createDevServerConfig = require('../config/webpackDevServer.config');
const useYarn = fs.existsSync(paths.yarnLockFile);
const isInteractive = process.stdout.isTTY;
能夠看到,主要的依賴仍是webpack,WDS,以及自定義的一些devServer的configuration以及webpack的configuration,能夠大膽猜測原理和咱們平時使用webpack並無什麼不一樣。
由於 create-react-appmy-app
以後經過模版生成的項目中入口腳本被放置在src/index.js,而入口html被放置在public/index.html,因此須要對這兩個文件進行檢查:
// Warn and crash if required files are missingif (!checkRequiredFiles([paths.appHtml, paths.appIndexJs])) { process.exit(1);}
下面這部分是涉及C9雲部署時的環境變量檢查,不在咱們考究範圍,也直接跳過。react-dev-utils/browsersHelper
是一個瀏覽器支持的幫助utils,由於在react-scripts v2
以後必需要提供一個browser list支持列表,不過咱們能夠在 package.json
中看到,模版項目中已經爲咱們生成了:
"browserslist": { "production": [ ">0.2%", "not dead", "not op_mini all" ], "development": [ "last 1 chrome version", "last 1 firefox version", "last 1 safari version" ]}
檢查完devServer端口後,進入咱們核心邏輯執行,這裏的主線仍是和咱們使用webpack方式幾乎沒什麼區別,首先會經過 configFactory
建立出一個webpack的configuration object,而後經過 createDevServerConfig
建立出一個devServer的configuration object,而後傳遞webpack config實例化一個webpack compiler實例,傳遞devServer的configuration實例化一個WDS實例開始監聽指定的端口,最後經過openBrowser調用咱們的瀏覽器,打開咱們的SPA。
其實,整個流程咱們看到這裏,已經結束了,咱們知道WDS和webpack配合,能夠進行熱更,file changes watching等功能,咱們開發時,經過修改源代碼,或者樣式文件,會被實時監聽,而後webpack中的HWR會實時刷新瀏覽器頁面,能夠很方便的進行實時調試開發。
const config = configFactory('development');
const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
const appName = require(paths.appPackageJson).name;
const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
const urls = prepareUrls(protocol, HOST, port);
const devSocket = {
warnings: warnings =>
devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'warnings', warnings),
errors: errors =>
devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'errors', errors),
};
// Create a webpack compiler that is configured with custom messages.
const compiler = createCompiler({
appName,
config,
devSocket,
urls,
useYarn,
useTypeScript,
webpack,
});
// Load proxy config
const proxySetting = require(paths.appPackageJson).proxy;
const proxyConfig = prepareProxy(proxySetting, paths.appPublic);
// Serve webpack assets generated by the compiler over a web server.
const serverConfig = createDevServerConfig(
proxyConfig,
urls.lanUrlForConfig
);
const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(compiler, serverConfig);
// Launch WebpackDevServer.
devServer.listen(port, HOST, err => {
if (err) {
return console.log(err);
}
if (isInteractive) {
clearConsole();
}
// We used to support resolving modules according to `NODE_PATH`.
// This now has been deprecated in favor of jsconfig/tsconfig.json
// This lets you use absolute paths in imports inside large monorepos:
if (process.env.NODE_PATH) {
console.log(
chalk.yellow(
'Setting NODE_PATH to resolve modules absolutely has been deprecated in favor of setting baseUrl in jsconfig.json (or tsconfig.json if you are using TypeScript) and will be removed in a future major release of create-react-app.'
)
);
console.log();
}
console.log(chalk.cyan('Starting the development server...\n'));
openBrowser(urls.localUrlForBrowser);
});
['SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'].forEach(function(sig) {
process.on(sig, function() {
devServer.close();
process.exit();
});
});
經過 start
命令的追蹤,咱們知道CRA最終仍是經過WDS和webpack進行開發監聽的,其實 build
會比 start
更簡單,只是在webpack configuration中會進行優化。CRA作到了能夠0配置,就能進行react項目的開發,調試,打包。
實際上是由於CRA把複雜的webpack config配置封裝起來了,把babel plugins預設好了,把開發時會經常使用到的一個環境檢查,polyfill兼容都給開發者作了,因此使用起來會比咱們直接使用webpack,本身進行重複的配置信息設置要來的簡單不少。