spring中的鉤子方法和鉤子接口
spring framework具備很高的擴展性，咱們能夠經過這些接口對spring作靈活的擴展。java
1. Aware接口
Spring中提供了各類Aware接口，方便從上下文中獲取當前的運行環境，比較常見的幾個子接口有： ApplicationContextAware、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware、BeanNameAware、EnvironmentAware、ImportAware、MessageSourceAware、ServletConfigAware、ServletContextAware等等。web
例如：要想經過應用上下文獲取bean對象，能夠經過以下方式。spring
@Component
public class ApplicationContextAssistor implements ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public Object getBeanDefinition(String name) {
return this.applicationContext.getBean(name);
}
public <T> T getBeanDefinition(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
return this.applicationContext.getBean(name, clazz);
}
}
2. InitializingBean和DisposableBean
InitializingBean接口只有一個方法afterPropertiesSet( )：當BeanFactory 設置完全部的Bean屬性以後纔會調用，能夠作一些資源初始化操做。apache
DisposableBean接口只有一個方法destroy( )：單例銷燬時由BeanFactory調用，能夠作一些資源釋放操做。編程
例子：tomcat
@Component
public class ConnectBean implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("單例銷燬時由BeanFactory調用");
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("當BeanFactory 設置完全部的Bean屬性以後纔會調用");
}
}
3. BeanPostProcessor
BeanPostProcessor能夠在bean初始化（ 注意初始化不包括init方法 ）以後修改bean實例中的屬性，對bean實例作一些特定操做 。springboot
例如：先定義一個bean，包含屬性count咱們將經過BeanPostProcessor修改該屬性的值。app
@Component
public class ConnectBean{
private Integer count;
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public Integer getCount() {
return this.count;
}
}
定義BeanPostProcessor接口實現類實現接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization在bean實例初始化以後調用和postProcessAfterInitialization在bean初始化以後調用，先找出ConnectBean實例而後對調用bean實例的setCount( )方法，ide
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class ConnectBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ConnectBean) {
System.out.println("給ConnectBean設置初始count");
((ConnectBean)bean).setCount(100);
}
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessBeforeInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ConnectBean) {
System.out.println("給ConnectBean設置count完成" + ((ConnectBean)bean).getCount());
}
return BeanPostProcessor.super.postProcessAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
}
}
調用啓動方法：post
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 08:47:43.417 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 187788 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 08:47:43.419 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2020-03-24 08:47:44.236 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 08:47:44.244 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 08:47:44.244 INFO 187788 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 08:47:44.316 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 08:47:44.316 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 860 ms 給ConnectBean設置初始count 給ConnectBean設置count完成100 2020-03-24 08:47:44.428 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 08:47:44.537 INFO 187788 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 08:47:44.539 INFO 187788 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.395 seconds (JVM running for 1.724)
4. BeanFactoryPostProcessor
Spring IoC容器容許BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器實際實例化任何其它的bean以前讀取配置元數據，並有可能修改它。 換句話說BeanFactoryPostProcessor是bean工廠的bean屬性處理容器，咱們能夠管理bean工廠內全部的beandefinition（未實例化）數據，能夠爲所欲爲的修改屬性。
例如：咱們修改ConnectBean類，在其中新增init方法，而後咱們再BeanFactoryPostProcessor中把init方法設置爲ConnectBean的初始方法。
@Component
public class ConnectBean {
private Integer count;
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public Integer getCount() {
return this.count;
}
public void init() {
System.out.println("這是ConnectBean的初始化方法：init");
}
}
定義BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口實現類，實現接口方法postProcessBeanFactory( )改方法參數ConfigurableListableBeanFactory對象，該對象能夠操做全部bean工廠中的BeanDefinition（bean元數據）。你也能夠經過設置@order設定beanFactoryPostProcessor的執行順序。
@Order(value = 1)
@Component
public class ConnectBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("調用自定義BeanFactoryPostProcessor" + beanFactory.getClass());
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("connectBean");
beanDefinition.setInitMethodName("init");
System.out.println("調用自定義BeanFactoryPostProcessor結束" + beanFactory.getClass());
}
}
執行結果：能夠看出BeanFactoryPostProcessor的調用早於BeanPostProcessor的調用。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 09:48:21.732 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 186536 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 09:48:21.734 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 調用自定義BeanFactoryPostProcessorclass org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 調用自定義BeanFactoryPostProcessor結束class org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 09:48:22.540 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 09:48:22.548 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 09:48:22.548 INFO 186536 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 09:48:22.614 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 09:48:22.614 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 841 ms 給ConnectBean設置初始count 這是ConnectBean的初始化方法：init 給ConnectBean設置count完成100 2020-03-24 09:48:22.742 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 09:48:22.865 INFO 186536 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 09:48:22.867 INFO 186536 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.417 seconds (JVM running for 1.76)
5. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
@Import註解的參數能夠是一個類，也能夠是一個ImportSelector接口，也能夠是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口，若是是一個類就會建立該類對應的實例到IOC容器；若是是一個 ImportSelector接口就會根據接口邏輯篩選知足條件的類建立bean實例；若是是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar也會根據接口實現方法的邏輯建立bean實例。
官方解釋：
1. 當處理Java編程式配置類(使用了@Configuration的類)的時候，ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的實現類能夠註冊額外的bean definitions。
2. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的實現類必須提供給@Import註解或者是ImportSelector接口返回值 。
3. ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的實現類可能還會實現下面org.springframework.beans.factory.Aware接口中的一個或者多個，它們各自的方法優先於ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的registerBeanDefinitions( )f方法被調用。
手動把類註冊成bean實例
首先定義一個類，後面該類會被註冊到bean容器裏面
public class CollectService {
public void hello() {
System.out.println("hello ! I am collect");
}
}
自定義ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar類，實現手動註冊bean
public class CollectImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
/**
*
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午3:43:46
* @param importingClassMetadata 當前類的註解信息
* @param registry 註冊類
*/
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(CollectService.class);
beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);
registry.registerBeanDefinition("collectService", beanDefinition);
}
}
最後定義一個配置類，用於發現上面的手動註冊類
@Configuration
@Import(CollectImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class CollectConfiguration {
}
springboot啓動類裏面調用被手動註冊的bean實例方法，驗證是否註冊成功
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("啓動完成");
CollectService collectService = (CollectService)applicationContext.getBean("collectService");
collectService.hello();
}
執行結果：調用被註冊類的hello( )方法。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 16:14:10.498 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 192624 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 16:14:10.500 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 16:14:11.304 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 16:14:11.312 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 16:14:11.312 INFO 192624 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 16:14:11.379 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 16:14:11.379 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 850 ms 2020-03-24 16:14:11.498 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 16:14:11.607 INFO 192624 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 16:14:11.609 INFO 192624 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.374 seconds (JVM running for 1.71) 啓動完成 hello ! I am collect
自定義註解實現spring把類加載成bean實例
spring 官方也是經過ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar實現@Component、@service等註解的動態注入機制。具體過程以下：
首先定義一個註解@Zyservice，配置該註解的類會被註冊到bean容器中。
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:32:46
*/
@Documented
@Inherited
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
public @interface Zyservice {
}
定義使用該註解的類，該類會被註冊到容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:34:58
*/
@Zyservice
public class ZycfcService {
public void hello() {
System.out.println("zycfcService 註冊成功");
}
}
定義ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口實現類，實現掃描將配置@Zyservice註解的類實例化到bean容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午6:35:35
*/
public class ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes =
importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(ComponentScan.class.getName());
String[] basePackages = (String[])annotationAttributes.get("basePackages");
ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(registry, false);
scanner.addIncludeFilter(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Zyservice.class));// 掃描對應註解的類
scanner.scan(basePackages);
}
}
定義Configuration配置類引入ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar註冊器，配置掃描包路徑
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.example.demo.bean"})
@Import(ZycfcImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class ZycfcServiceConfiguration {
}
啓動類，springboot啓動以後從bean容器中獲取ZycfcService類實例，調用方法驗證是否動態注入到bean容器中
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
System.out.println("啓動完成");
CollectService collectService = applicationContext.getBean(CollectService.class);
collectService.hello();
ZycfcService zycfcService = applicationContext.getBean(ZycfcService.class);
zycfcService.hello();
}
執行結果：
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 19:03:27.374 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 190632 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 19:03:27.375 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 19:03:28.179 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 19:03:28.187 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 19:03:28.187 INFO 190632 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 19:03:28.259 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 19:03:28.259 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 856 ms 2020-03-24 19:03:28.377 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2020-03-24 19:03:28.487 INFO 190632 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 19:03:28.490 INFO 190632 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.392 seconds (JVM running for 1.716) 啓動完成 hello ! I am collect zycfcService 註冊成功
6. BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor
BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor類能夠當作是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar類和BeanFactoryPostProcessor類的綜合體，既能夠 實現BeanDefinition的註冊操做將類註冊到bean容器中，也能夠實現BeanDefinition的修改、移除操做。
例如：首先建立類，用於被手動註冊到容器中
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午8:02:12
*/
public class GreatService {
public void test() {
System.out.println("這是GreatService的方法：test");
}
}
定義BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的實現類，實現postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry和postProcessBeanFactory方法實現手動註冊bean實例功能和修改bean元數據功能。
/**
* @description <描述>
* @author jiafeng
* @date 2020年3月24日 下午7:46:22
*/
@Component
public class GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
//從beanFactory中取出bean元數據，進行修改或其餘操做
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("greatService");
beanDefinition.setInitMethodName("test");
System.out.println("調用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory( )方法"+beanDefinition.getAttribute("type"));
}
@Override
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException {
//建立bean元數據並註冊到容器中
GenericBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
beanDefinition.setBeanClass(GreatService.class);
beanDefinition.setAttribute("type", "test");
registry.registerBeanDefinition("greatService", beanDefinition);
System.out.println("調用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法");
}
}
執行啓動類從執行結果能夠看到，先執行postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法註冊bean實例到容器中，而後執行postProcessBeanFactory( )方法從beanFactory中能夠取出beanDefinition進行修改操做。
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.2.5.RELEASE) 2020-03-24 20:16:36.621 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Starting DemoApplication on ZZ-WZ112019 with PID 194764 (E:\java_work\demo\target\classes started by jiafeng in E:\java_work\demo) 2020-03-24 20:16:36.623 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 調用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry( )方法 調用GreatBeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的postProcessBeanFactory( )方法test org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory 2020-03-24 20:16:37.424 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2020-03-24 20:16:37.432 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2020-03-24 20:16:37.432 INFO 194764 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.31] 2020-03-24 20:16:37.499 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2020-03-24 20:16:37.499 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 847 ms 2020-03-24 20:16:37.619 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 這是GreatService的方法：test 2020-03-24 20:16:37.731 INFO 194764 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2020-03-24 20:16:37.733 INFO 194764 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication : Started DemoApplication in 1.381 seconds (JVM running for 1.718) 啓動完成
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相關文章
- 1. Spring來一發（六）Spring的鉤子方法和鉤子接口
- 2. Spring鉤子方法和鉤子接口的使用詳解
- 3. spring鉤子方法和鉤子接口的使用詳解
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