[Windows Powershell]-學習筆記（2）

1. 數學運算

咱們能夠把powershell當成一個計算器。如鍵入命令行那樣輸入數學表達式，回車，powershell會自動計算並把結果輸出。經常使用的加減乘除模（+,-,*,/,%）運算和小括號表達式都支持。

powershell也能自動識別計算機容量單位,包括KB，MB，GB，TB，PB

 

1. Powershell執行外部命令

Powershell能像cmd同樣執行外部命令，

如使用netstat –an 查看網絡端口鏈接

使用ipconfig 查看本機ip地址

使用route print查看路由信息

 

啓動控制檯CMD，使用exit退出CMD

 

查看CMD的幫助命令，能夠經過/c來接收命令參數（help）

Cmd /c help

 

啓動外部程序，如notepad，但爲何不能啓動winword呢，由於winword的路勁未包含在powershell的環境變量裏

咱們還可使用&來執行文本命令，如cmd == &"cmd.exe"

 

1. Powershell 命令集cmdlets

cmdlets是Powershell的內部命令，cmdlet的類型名爲System.Management.Automation.CmdletInfo，包含下列屬性和方法：

Name	MemberType	Definition
Equals	Method	bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode	Method	int GetHashCode()
GetType	Method	type GetType()
ToString	Method	string ToString()
CommandType	Property	System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes CommandType {get;}
DefaultParameterSet	Property	System.String DefaultParameterSet {get;}
Definition	Property	System.String Definition {get;}
HelpFile	Property	System.String HelpFile {get;}
ImplementingType	Property	System.Type ImplementingType {get;}
Module	Property	System.Management.Automation.PSModuleInfo Module {get;}
ModuleName	Property	System.String ModuleName {get;}
Name	Property	System.String Name {get;}
Noun	Property	System.String Noun {get;}
OutputType	Property	System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1[[System.Management.Automation.PSTypeName, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] OutputType {get;}
Parameters	Property	System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] Parameters {get;}
ParameterSets	Property	System.Collections.ObjectModel.ReadOnlyCollection`1[[System.Management.Automation.CommandParameterSetInfo, System.Management.Automation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35]] ParameterSets {get;}
PSSnapIn	Property	System.Management.Automation.PSSnapInInfo PSSnapIn {get;}
Verb	Property	System.String Verb {get;}
Visibility	Property	System.Management.Automation.SessionStateEntryVisibility Visibility {get;set;}
DLL	ScriptProperty	System.Object DLL {get=$this.ImplementingType.Assembly.Location;}
HelpUri	ScriptProperty	System.Object HelpUri {get=try { # ok to cast CommandTypes enum to HelpCategory because string/indentifier for # cmdlet,function,filter,alias,externalscript is identical. # it is ok to fail for other enum values (i.e. for Application) $helpObject = get-help -Name ($this.Name) -Category ([string]($this.CommandType)) -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue# return first non-null uri (and try not to hit any strict mode things) if ($helpObject -eq $null) { return $null } if ($helpObject.psobject.properties['relatedLinks'] -eq $null) { return $null } if ($helpObject.relatedLinks.psobject.properties['navigationLink'] -eq $null) { return $null } $helpUri = [string]$( $helpObject.relatedLinks.navigationLink | %{ if ($_.psobject.properties['uri'] -ne $null) { $_.uri } } | ?{ $_ } | select -first 1 ) return $helpUri } catch {};}

下面是所有的Cmdlets命令

每一個命令有一個動詞和名詞組成，命令的做用一目瞭然。

Name	ModuleName	Help
Add-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Add-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Add-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Add-Member	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Add-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Add-Type	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Checkpoint-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Clear-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Clear-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Compare-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Complete-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Connect-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
ConvertFrom-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertFrom-SecureString	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
ConvertFrom-StringData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Convert-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
ConvertTo-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertTo-Html	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ConvertTo-SecureString	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
ConvertTo-Xml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Copy-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Copy-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Debug-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Disable-ComputerRestore	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Disable-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Disable-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Disable-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Disconnect-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Enable-ComputerRestore	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Enable-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Enable-PSRemoting	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Enable-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Enable-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Enter-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Exit-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-Clixml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-Console	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Export-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Export-ModuleMember	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Export-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
ForEach-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Format-Custom	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-List	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-Table	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Format-Wide	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Acl	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-AuthenticodeSignature	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-ChildItem	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-ComputerRestorePoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Get-Credential	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Culture	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Date	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-EventSubscriber	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-ExecutionPolicy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Help	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-HotFix	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-Member	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PfxCertificate	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Get-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-PSCallStack	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSProvider	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Get-Random	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-TraceSource	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-UICulture	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Unique	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Get-WinEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Get-WmiObject	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Get-WSManCredSSP	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Get-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Group-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Clixml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Counter	Microsoft.PowerShell.Diagnostics	help
Import-Csv	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-LocalizedData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Import-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Import-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Invoke-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Invoke-Expression	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Invoke-History	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Invoke-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Invoke-WmiMethod	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Invoke-WSManAction	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Join-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Limit-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Measure-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Measure-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Move-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Move-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-ModuleManifest	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-PSSessionOption	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
New-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-TimeSpan	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
New-WebServiceProxy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
New-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
New-WSManSessionOption	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Out-Default	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-File	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-GridView	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Null	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-Printer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Out-String	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Pop-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Push-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Read-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Receive-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Register-EngineEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Register-ObjectEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Register-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Register-WmiEvent	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-Module	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-PSDrive	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-PSSession	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-PSSnapin	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Remove-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Remove-WmiObject	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Remove-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Rename-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Rename-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Reset-ComputerMachinePassword	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Resolve-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restart-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restart-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Restore-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Resume-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Select-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Select-String	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Select-Xml	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Send-MailMessage	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-Acl	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Alias	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-AuthenticodeSignature	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Content	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-Date	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-ExecutionPolicy	Microsoft.PowerShell.Security	help
Set-Item	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-ItemProperty	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-Location	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-PSBreakpoint	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-PSDebug	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-StrictMode	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Set-TraceSource	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-Variable	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Set-WmiInstance	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Set-WSManInstance	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Set-WSManQuickConfig	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Show-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Sort-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Split-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Start-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Sleep	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Start-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Start-Transcript	Microsoft.PowerShell.Host	help
Stop-Computer	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Stop-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Stop-Transcript	Microsoft.PowerShell.Host	help
Suspend-Service	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Tee-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Test-ComputerSecureChannel	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-Connection	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-ModuleManifest	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Test-Path	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Test-WSMan	Microsoft.WSMan.Management	help
Trace-Command	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Undo-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Unregister-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Unregister-PSSessionConfiguration	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Update-FormatData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Update-List	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Update-TypeData	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Use-Transaction	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Wait-Event	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Wait-Job	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Wait-Process	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Where-Object	Microsoft.PowerShell.Core	help
Write-Debug	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Error	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-EventLog	Microsoft.PowerShell.Management	help
Write-Host	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Output	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Progress	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Verbose	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help
Write-Warning	Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility	help

 

1. Powershell別名

cmdlet 的名稱由一個動詞和一個名詞組成，其功能對用戶來說一目瞭然。可是對於一個常常使用powershell命令的人天天敲那麼多命令也很麻煩啊。能不能把命令縮短一點呢？因而"別名"就應運而生了。Powershell內部也實現了不少經常使用命令的別名。例如Get-ChildItem，列出當前的子文件或目錄。它有兩個別名：ls 和 dir，這兩個別名來源於unix 的shell和windows的cmd。
所以別名有兩個做用：

• 繼承：繼承unix-shell和windows-cmd。
• 方便：方便用戶使用。

處理別名：

查詢別名所指的真實cmdlet命令。

    

查看可用別名

查看可用的別名，能夠經過" ls alias:" 或者 "Get-Alias"

如何查看全部以Remove打頭的cmdlet的命令的別名呢？

 

說明：dir alias:獲取的是別名的數組，經過where對數組元素進行遍歷，$_表明當前元素，alias的Definition爲String類型，由於powershell支持.net，.net中的string類有一個方法Startswith。經過where過濾集合在powershell中使用很是普遍。

有的cmdlet命令可能有2-3個別名，咱們能夠經過下面的命令查看全部別名和指向cmdlet的別名的個數。

 

建立本身的別名

給記事本建立一個別名，並查看別名

刪除別名 del alias：edit

Import-alias導入別名

Export-alias導出別名