iotop的簡介:python
iotop是一款開源、免費的用來監控磁盤I/O使用情況的相似top命令的工具,iotop能夠監控進程的I/O信息。它是Python語言編寫的,與iostat工具比較,iostat是系統級別的IO監控,而iotop是進程級別IO監控。目前最新的版本爲iotop 0.6。其官方網址http://guichaz.free.fr/iotop/ios
iotop的安裝:sql
注意,iotop的安裝有前提條件(若是操做系統不知足這些條件,iotop沒法正確安裝):session
1:內核版本爲2.6.20或更高版本oracle
2:Python 2.7或更高的版本app
官方文檔的詳細介紹以下:ionic
Linux has always been able to show how much I/O was going on (the bi and bo columns of the vmstat 1 command).ide
Iotop is a Python program with a top like UI used to show of behalf of which process is the I/O going on. It requires Python ≥ 2.7 and a Linux kernel ≥ 2.6.20 with the TASK_DELAY_ACCT CONFIG_TASKSTATS, TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING and CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS options on.工具
iotop的yum安裝ui
yum安裝是最簡單、快捷的。前提條件是你有配置yum的源配置。
[root@DB-Server ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@DB-Server ~]# uname -a
Linux DB-Server 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@DB-Server ~]#
[root@DB-Server ~]# yum -y install iotop
iotop的源碼安裝
wget http://guichaz.free.fr/iotop/files/iotop-0.6.tar.bz2
tar -xvf iotop-0.6.tar.gz
cd iotop-0.6
python setup.py build
python setup.py install
iotop的參數
# iotop --help
Usage: /usr/local/sbin/iotop [OPTIONS]
DISK READ and DISK WRITE are the block I/O bandwidth used during the sampling
period. SWAPIN and IO are the percentages of time the thread spent respectively
while swapping in and waiting on I/O more generally. PRIO is the I/O priority at
which the thread is running (set using the ionice command).
Controls: left and right arrows to change the sorting column, r to invert the
sorting order, o to toggle the --only option, p to toggle the --processes
option, a to toggle the --accumulated option, i to change I/O priority, q to
quit, any other key to force a refresh.
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o, --only only show processes or threads actually doing I/O
-b, --batch non-interactive mode
-n NUM, --iter=NUM number of iterations before ending [infinite]
-d SEC, --delay=SEC delay between iterations [1 second]
-p PID, --pid=PID processes/threads to monitor [all]
-u USER, --user=USER users to monitor [all]
-P, --processes only show processes, not all threads
-a, --accumulated show accumulated I/O instead of bandwidth
-k, --kilobytes use kilobytes instead of a human friendly unit
-t, --time add a timestamp on each line (implies --batch)
-q, --quiet suppress some lines of header (implies --batch)
參數 |
長參數 |
參數描述 |
|
--version |
顯示版本號 |
-h |
--help |
顯示幫助信息 |
-o |
--only |
只顯示正在產生I/O的進程或線程,運行過程當中,能夠經過按o隨時切換 |
-b |
--batch |
非交互模式下運行,通常用來記錄日誌。 |
-n NUM |
--iter=NUM |
設置監控(顯示)NUM次,主要用於非交互模式。默認無限 |
-d SEC |
--delay=SEC |
設置顯示的間隔秒數,支持非整數 |
-p PID |
--pid=PID |
只顯示指定進程(PID)的信息 |
-u USER |
--user=USER |
顯示指定的用戶的進程的信息 |
-P |
--processes |
只顯示進程,不顯示全部線程 |
-a |
--accumulated |
累積的I/O,顯示從iotop啓動後每一個進程累積的I/O總數,便於診斷問題 |
-k |
--kilobytes |
顯示使用KB單位 |
-t |
--time |
非交互模式下,加上時間戳。 |
-q |
--quiet |
只在第一次監測時顯示列名. 去除頭部一些行:這個參數能夠設置最多3次來移除頭部行:-q列頭部只在最初交互顯示一次;-qq列頭部不顯示;-qqq,I/O的總結不顯示 |
iotop的快捷鍵
r:反向排序,
o:切換至選項--only,
p:切換至--processes選項,
a:切換至--accumulated選項
q:退出
i:改變線程的優先級
iotop的例子
1:只顯示正在產生I/O的進程
# iotop -o
2:使用非交互模式將iotop命令輸出信息寫入日誌
#nohup iotop -b -o -n 10 -d 5 -t > /tmp/iotop.log &
3:藉助iotop命令找到消耗I/O最高的進程,而後經過進程找到其正在執行的SQL語句
# iotop -oP
PID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND
11741 be/4 oracle 4.70 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 98.60 % ora_s004_SCM2
11739 be/4 oracle 66.99 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 93.30 % ora_s005_SCM2
11741 be/4 oracle 21.76 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 91.78 % ora_s006_SCM2
11743 be/4 oracle 4.87 M/s 3.78 M/s 0.00 % 27.74 % ora_s007_SCM2
11745 be/4 oracle 62.39 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 2.88 % ora_s008_SCM2
11733 be/4 oracle 39.00 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 2.08 % ora_s002_SCM2
11697 be/4 oracle 0.00 B/s 1879.61 K/s 0.00 % 0.30 % ora_dbw0_SCM2
11699 be/4 oracle 0.00 B/s 102.36 K/s 0.00 % 0.20 % ora_lgwr_SCM2
在找到消耗I/O最大的進程後,找出ORACLE進程正在執行的SQL語句
SQL> @getsql_by_spid.sql
Enter value for pid: 11741
old 13: WHERE c.spid = '&pid'))
new 13: WHERE c.spid = '11741'))
SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------
...............................(實際環境中,這裏會輸出SQL語句)
getsql_by_spid.sql腳本以下所示:
SELECT /*+ ORDERED */
sql_text
FROM v$sqltext a
WHERE (a.hash_value, a.address) IN (
SELECT DECODE (sql_hash_value,
0, prev_hash_value,
sql_hash_value
),
DECODE (sql_hash_value, 0, prev_sql_addr, sql_address)
FROM v$session b
WHERE b.paddr = (SELECT addr
FROM v$process c
WHERE c.spid = '&pid'))
ORDER BY piece ASC
/
這裏只簡單列了幾個例子,由於iotop命令很是簡單,瞭解iotop的參數和快捷方式後,基本上只需根據實際需求去獲取進程或信息的I/O信息,剩下就是分析判斷了。