HttpServletRequest對象表明客戶端的請求,當客戶端經過HTTP協議訪問服務器時,HTTP請求頭中的全部信息都封裝在這個對象中,經過這個對象提供的方法,能夠得到客戶端請求的全部信息。css
在eclipse中新建一個web項目,目錄結構以下:java
在jsp頁面的最開始,獲取項目的根路徑:jquery
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
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在中,插入下述代碼:web
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
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這句代碼的做用是將整個頁面的根路徑設置爲項目路徑。spring
getRequestURL() | 返回客戶端發出請求時的完整URL。 |
---|---|
getRequestURI() | 返回請求行中的資源名部分。 |
getQueryString () | 返回請求行中的參數部分。 |
getRemoteAddr() | 返回發出請求的客戶機的IP地址。 |
getPathInfo() | 返回請求URL中的額外路徑信息。額外路徑信息是請求URL中的位於Servlet的路徑以後和查詢參數以前的內容,它以"/"開頭。 |
getRemoteHost() | 返回發出請求的客戶機的完整主機名。 |
getRemotePort() | 返回客戶機所使用的網絡端口號。 |
getLocalAddr() | 返回WEB服務器的IP地址。 |
getLocalName() | 返回WEB服務器的主機名。 |
private void RequestMessages(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
String reqUrl = req.getRequestURL().toString();//獲得請求的URL地址
String reqUri = req.getRequestURI();//獲得請求的資源
String queryString = req.getQueryString();//獲得請求的URL地址中附帶的參數
String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();//獲得來訪者的IP地址
String remoteHost = req.getRemoteHost();
int remotePort = req.getRemotePort();
String remoteUser = req.getRemoteUser();
String method = req.getMethod();//獲得請求URL地址時使用的方法
String pathInfo = req.getPathInfo();
String localAddr = req.getLocalAddr();//獲取WEB服務器的IP地址
String localName = req.getLocalName();//獲取WEB服務器的主機名
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//設置將字符以"UTF-8"編碼輸出到客戶端瀏覽器
//經過設置響應頭控制瀏覽器以UTF-8的編碼顯示數據,若是不加這句話,那麼瀏覽器顯示的將是亂碼
resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write("獲取到的客戶機信息以下:");
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("請求的URL地址:"+reqUrl);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("請求的資源:"+reqUri);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("請求的URL地址中附帶的參數:"+queryString);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("來訪者的IP地址:"+remoteAddr);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("來訪者的主機名:"+remoteHost);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("使用的端口號:"+remotePort);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("remoteUser:"+remoteUser);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("請求使用的方法:"+method);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("pathInfo:"+pathInfo);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("localAddr:"+localAddr);
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("localName:"+localName);
}
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getHeader(string name)方法:Stringdocker
getHeaders(String name)方法:Enumerationbootstrap
getHeaderNames()方法設計模式
private void RequestHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//設置將字符以"UTF-8"編碼輸出到客戶端瀏覽器
//經過設置響應頭控制瀏覽器以UTF-8的編碼顯示數據
resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
Enumeration<String> reqHeadInfos = req.getHeaderNames();//獲取全部的請求頭
out.write("獲取到的客戶端全部的請求頭信息以下:");
out.write("<br/>");
while (reqHeadInfos.hasMoreElements()) {
String headName = (String) reqHeadInfos.nextElement();
String headValue = req.getHeader(headName);//根據請求頭的名字獲取對應的請求頭的值
out.write(headName+":"+headValue);
out.write("<br/>");
}
out.write("<br/>");
out.write("獲取到的客戶端Accept-Encoding請求頭的值:");
out.write("<br/>");
String value = req.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");//獲取Accept-Encoding請求頭對應的值
out.write(value);
Enumeration<String> e = req.getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
String string = (String) e.nextElement();
System.out.println(string);
}
}
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getParameter(String name) | 根據name獲取請求參數(經常使用) |
---|---|
getParameterValues(String name) | 根據name獲取請求參數列表(經常使用) |
getParameterMap() | 返回的是一個Map類型的值,該返回值記錄着前端(如jsp頁面)所提交請求中的請求參數和請求參數值的映射關係。(編寫框架時經常使用) |
以下表單:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表單提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetParameterRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
placeholder="請輸入名字">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">年齡</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="age"
placeholder="請輸年齡">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">性別</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" checked>男
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">愛好</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="唱歌">唱歌
<input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="上網">上網
<input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="遊戲">遊戲
<input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="看書">看書
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
<button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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使用getParameter方法和getParameterValues方法接收表單參數:
public class GetParameterRequest extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//客戶端是以UTF-8編碼提交表單數據的,因此須要設置服務器端以UTF-8的編碼進行接收,不然對於中文數據就會產生亂碼
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//獲取名字
String name = req.getParameter("name");
//獲取年齡
String age = req.getParameter("age");
//獲取性別
String sex = req.getParameter("sex");
//獲取愛好,由於能夠選中多個值,因此獲取到的值是一個字符串數組,所以須要使用getParameterValues方法來獲取
String[] aihaos = req.getParameterValues("aihao");
String aihao = "";
if(aihaos != null){
for (int i = 0; i < aihaos.length; i++) {
if(i == aihaos.length - 1){
aihao += aihaos[i];
} else {
aihao += aihaos[i] + ",";
}
}
}
System.out.println("名字:" + name);
System.out.println("年齡:" + age);
System.out.println("性別:" + sex);
System.out.println("愛好:" + aihao);
req.setAttribute("aihao", aihao);
//設置服務器端以UTF-8編碼輸出數據到客戶端
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/request.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
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響應頁面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表單提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>名稱</th>
<th>結果</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>姓名</td>
<td><%=request.getParameter("name") %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>年齡</td>
<td><%=request.getParameter("age") %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>性別</td>
<td><%=request.getParameter("sex") %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>愛好</td>
<td><%=request.getAttribute("aihao") %></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
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提交以下表單:
後臺打印:
運行結果以下:
有以下表單:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表單提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/PostRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
placeholder="請輸入名字">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
<button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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後臺接收參數:
public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
System.out.println("名字:" + name);
}
}
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提交數據:
運行結果:
之因此會產生亂碼,就是由於服務器和客戶端溝通的編碼不一致形成的,所以解決的辦法是:在客戶端和服務器之間設置一個統一的編碼,以後就按照此編碼進行數據的傳輸和接收。
因爲客戶端是以UTF-8字符編碼將表單數據傳輸到服務器端的,所以服務器也須要設置以UTF-8字符編碼進行接收,經過setCharacterEncoding方法統一編碼格式:
public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//設置服務器以UTF-8的編碼接收數據
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String name = req.getParameter("name");
System.out.println("名字:" + name);
}
}
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從新提交表單,中文亂碼解決:
有以下表單:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表單提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetRequest.html" role="form" method="get">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
<div class="col-sm-3">
<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
placeholder="請輸入名字">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
<button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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後臺接收參數:
public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
System.out.println("名字:" + name);
}
}
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提交數據:
運行結果:
之因此會產生亂碼,對於以get方式傳輸的數據,默認的仍是使用ISO8859-1這個字符編碼來接收數據,客戶端以UTF-8的編碼傳輸數據到服務器端,而服務器端的request對象使用的是ISO8859-1這個字符編碼來接收數據,服務器和客戶端溝通的編碼不一致所以纔會產生中文亂碼的。
解決方法:
在接收到數據後,先獲取request對象以ISO8859-1字符編碼接收到的原始數據的字節數組,而後經過字節數組以指定的編碼構建字符串
public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
//以ISO8859-1字符編碼接收到的原始數據的字節數組,而後經過字節數組以指定的編碼構建字符串
name = new String(name.getBytes("ISO8859-1") , "UTF-8");
System.out.println("名字:" + name);
}
}
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從新提交表單,中文亂碼解決:
請求轉發:指一個web資源收到客戶端請求後,通知服務器去調用另一個web資源進行處理。
請求轉發的應用場景:MVC設計模式
在Servlet中實現請求轉發的兩種方式:
一、經過ServletContext的getRequestDispatcher(String path)方法,該方法返回一個RequestDispatcher對象,調用這個對象的forward方法能夠實現請求轉發。
例如:將請求轉發的test.jsp頁面
RequestDispatcher reqDispatcher =this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/test.jsp");
reqDispatcher.forward(request, response);
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二、經過request對象提供的getRequestDispatche(String path)方法,該方法返回一個RequestDispatcher對象,調用這個對象的forward方法能夠實現請求轉發。
例如:將請求轉發的test.jsp頁面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/test.jsp").forward(request, response);
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request對象同時也是一個域對象(Map容器),開發人員經過request對象在實現轉發時,把數據經過request對象帶給其它web資源處理。
例如:請求RequestDemo06 Servlet,RequestDemo06將請求轉發到test.jsp頁面
package gacl.request.study;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class RequestDemo06 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String data="你們好,我是孤傲蒼狼,我正在總結JavaWeb";
/**
* 將數據存放到request對象中,此時把request對象看成一個Map容器來使用
*/
request.setAttribute("data", data);
//客戶端訪問RequestDemo06這個Servlet後,RequestDemo06通知服務器將請求轉發(forward)到test.jsp頁面進行處理
request.getRequestDispatcher("/test.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
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test.jsp頁面代碼以下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Request對象實現請求轉發</title>
</head>
<body>
使用普通方式取出存儲在request對象中的數據:
<h3 style="color:red;"><%=(String)request.getAttribute("data")%></h3>
使用EL表達式取出存儲在request對象中的數據:
<h3 style="color:red;">${data}</h3>
</body>
</html>
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request對象做爲一個域對象(Map容器)使用時,主要是經過如下的四個方法來操做
一個web資源收到客戶端請求後,通知服務器去調用另一個web資源進行處理,稱之爲請求轉發/307。
一個web資源收到客戶端請求後,通知瀏覽器去訪問另一個web資源進行處理,稱之爲請求重定向/302。
參考資料
http://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3798347.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/Zender/p/7647503.html
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