1.MySQL多實例介紹
1.1.什麼是MySQL多實例
MySQL多實例就是在一臺機器上開啓多個不一樣的服務端口(如:3306,3307),運行多個MySQL服務進程,經過不一樣的socket監聽不一樣的服務端口來提供各自的服務:;
1.2.MySQL多實例的特色有如下幾點
1:有效利用服務器資源,當單個服務器資源有剩餘時,能夠充分利用剩餘的資源提供更多的服務。
2:節約服務器資源
3:資源互相搶佔問題,當某個服務實例服務併發很高時或者開啓慢查詢時,會消耗更多的內存、CPU、磁盤IO資源,致使服務器上的其餘實例提供服務的質量降低;
1.3.部署mysql多實例的兩種方式
第一種是使用多個配置文件啓動不一樣的進程來實現多實例,這種方式的優點邏輯簡單,配置簡單,缺點是管理起來不太方便;
第二種是經過官方自帶的mysqld_multi使用單獨的配置文件來實現多實例,這種方式定製每一個實例的配置不太方面,優勢是管理起來很方便,集中管理;
1.4.同一開發環境下安裝兩個數據庫,必須處理如下問題
- 配置文件安裝路徑不能相同
- 數據庫目錄不能相同
- 啓動腳本不能同名
- 端口不能相同
- socket文件的生成路徑不能相同
2.Mysql多實例安裝部署
2.1.部署環境
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4
2.2.安裝mysql軟件版本
2.2.1.免編譯二進制包
mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
2.3.解壓和遷移
tar -xvf mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
2.4.關閉iptables
臨時關閉:service iptables stop
永久關閉:chkconfig iptables off
2.5.關閉selinux
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
將SELINUX修改成DISABLED,即SELINUX=DISABLED
2.6.建立mysql用戶
groupadd -g 27 mysql
useradd -u 27 -g mysql mysql
id mysql
uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
2.7.建立相關目錄
mkdir -p /data/mysql/ {mysql_3306,mysql_3307}
mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3306/ {data,log,tmp}
mkdir /data/mysql/mysql_3307/ {data,log,tmp}
2.8.更改目錄權限
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
2.9. 添加環境變量
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
2.10.複製my.cnf文件到etc目錄
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
2.11.修改my.cnf(在一個文件中修改便可)
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql /bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysql/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqld3306]
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
port=3306
server_id=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/error.log
binlog_format = mixed
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/log/mysql3306_bin
[mysqld3307]
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data
port=3307
server_id=3307
socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/slow.log
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/error.log
binlog_format = mixed
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_3307/log/mysql3307_bin
2.12. 初始化數據庫
2.12.1. 初始化3306數據庫
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
2.12.2. 初始化3307數據庫
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3307/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
2.12.3. 檢查數據庫是否初始化成功
出現兩個」OK」
2.12.4. 查看數據庫是否初始化成功(2)
查看3306數據庫
[root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data
[root@mysql data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql.pid performance_schema test
查看3307數據庫
[root@mysql ~]# cd /data/mysql/mysql_3307/data
[root@mysql data]# ls
auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql.pid performance_schema test
2.13.設置啓動文件
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
2.14.mysqld_multi進行多實例管理
啓動所有實例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start
查看所有實例狀態:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
啓動單個實例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306
中止單個實例:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 3306
查看單個實例狀態:/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report 3306
2.14.1.啓動所有實例
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running
2.15.查看啓動進程
2.16.修改密碼
mysql的root用戶初始密碼是空,因此須要登陸mysql進行修改密碼,下面以3306爲例:
mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
set password for root@'localhost'=password('123456');
flush privileges;
下次登陸:
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -p
Enter password:
2.17.新建用戶及受權
通常新建數據庫都須要新增一個用戶,用於程序鏈接,這類用戶只須要insert、update、delete、select權限。
新增一個用戶,並受權以下:
grant select,delete,update,insert on *.* to admin@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges
2.18.外部軟件登陸數據庫
2.19.測試成功
3.源碼安裝常見報錯信息
1:安裝mysql報錯
checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no
checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no
checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no
checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no
checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
緣由:
缺乏ncurses安裝包
解決方法:
yum list|grep ncurses
yum -y install ncurses-devel
yum install ncurses-devel
2:.../depcomp: line 571: exec: g++: not found
make[1]: *** [my_new.o] 錯誤 127
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/justme/software/mysql-5.1.30/mysys'
make: *** [all-recursive] 錯誤 1
解決方法:
yum install gcc-c++
3:.../include/my_global.h:909: error: redeclaration of C++ built-in type `bool'
make[2]: *** [my_new.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22/mysys'
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/tools/mysql-5.0.22'
make: *** [all] Error 2
是由於gcc-c++是在configure以後安裝的,此時只需從新configure後再編譯make便可。
4:初始化數據庫報錯
報錯現象:
root@mysql mysql-6.0.11-alpha]# scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
ERROR: 1136 Column count doesn't match value count at row 1
150414 7:15:56 [ERROR] Aborting
150414 7:15:56 [Warning] Forcing shutdown of 1 plugins
150414 7:15:56 [Note] /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete
Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in
/var/lib/mysql for more information.
You can try to start the mysqld daemon with:
shell> /usr/local/mysql//libexec/mysqld --skip-grant &
and use the command line tool /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql
to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables:
shell> /usr/local/mysql//bin/mysql -u root mysql
mysql> show tables
Try 'mysqld --help' if you have problems with paths. Using --log
gives you a log in /var/lib/mysql that may be helpful.
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com/. Please consult the MySQL manual section
'Problems running mysql_install_db', and the manual section that
describes problems on your OS. Another information source are the
MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/.
Please check all of the above before mailing us! And remember, if
you do mail us, you MUST use the /usr/local/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!
緣由:
原有安裝的mysql信息沒有刪除乾淨
解決方法:
刪除/var/lib/mysql目錄