在開發vue的項目中有遇到了這樣一個需求:一個視頻列表頁面,展現視頻名稱和是否收藏,點擊進去某一項觀看,能夠收藏或者取消收藏,返回的時候須要記住列表頁面的頁碼等狀態,同時這條視頻的收藏狀態也須要更新, 可是從其餘頁面進來視頻列表頁面的時候不緩存這個頁面,也就是進入的時候是視頻列表頁面的第一頁javascript
一句話總結一下: pageAList->pageADetail->pageAList, 緩存pageAList, 同時該視頻的收藏狀態若是發生變化須要更新, 其餘頁面->pageAList, pageAList不緩存html
在網上找了不少別人的方法,都不知足咱們的需求前端
而後咱們團隊幾我的搗鼓了幾天,還真的整出了一套方法,實現了這個需求vue
無圖無真相,用一張gif圖來看一下實現後的效果吧!!!
java
操做流程:node
說明:ios
由於項目裏面絕大部分是二級緩存,這裏咱們就作二級緩存,可是這不表明個人這個緩存方法不適用三級緩存,三級緩存後面我也會講如何實現git
用vue-cli2的腳手架搭建了一個項目,用這個項目來講明如何實現
先來看看項目目錄github
刪除了無用的components目錄和assets目錄,新增了src/pages目錄和src/store目錄, pages頁面用來存放頁面組件, store很少說,存放vuex相關的東西,新增了server/app.js目錄,用來啓動後臺服務vue-router
來看看服務端代碼server/app.js,很是簡單,就是造了30條數據,寫了3個接口,幾十行文件直接搭建了一個node服務器,簡單粗暴解決數據模擬問題,會mock用mock也行
const express = require('express') // const bodyParser = require('body-parser') const app = express() let allList = Array.from({length: 30}, (v, i) => ({ id: i, name: '視頻' + i, isCollect: false })) // 後臺設置容許跨域訪問 // 先後端都是本地localhost,因此不須要設置cors跨域,若是是部署在服務器上,則須要設置 // app.all('*', function (req, res, next) { // res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*') // res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'X-Requested-With') // res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'PUT,POST,GET,DELETE,OPTIONS') // res.header('X-Powered-By', ' 3.2.1') // res.header('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=utf-8') // next() // }) app.use(express.json()) app.use(express.urlencoded({extended: false})) // 1 獲取全部的視頻列表 app.get('/api/getVideoList', function (req, res) { let query = req.query let currentPage = query.currentPage let pageSize = query.pageSize let list = allList.slice((currentPage - 1) * pageSize, currentPage * pageSize) res.json({ code: 0, data: { list, total: allList.length } }) }) // 2 獲取某一條視頻詳情 app.get('/api/getVideoDetail/:id', function (req, res) { let id = Number(req.params.id) let info = allList.find(v => v.id === id) res.json({ code: 0, data: info }) }) // 3 收藏或者取消收藏視頻 app.post('/api/collectVideo', function (req, res) { let id = Number(req.body.id) let isCollect = req.body.isCollect allList = allList.map((v, i) => { return v.id === id ? {...v, isCollect} : v }) res.json({code: 0}) }) const PORT = 3003 app.listen(PORT, function () { console.log('app is listening port' + PORT) })
在路由配置裏面把須要緩存的路由的meta添加keepAlive屬性,值爲true, 這個想必你們都知道,是緩存路由組件的
在咱們項目裏面,須要緩存的路由是pageAList,因此這個路由的meta的keepAlive設置成true,其餘路由正常寫,路由文件src/router/index.js
以下:
import Vue from 'vue' import Router from 'vue-router' import home from '../pages/home' import pageAList from '../pages/pageAList' import pageADetail from '../pages/pageADetail' import pageB from '../pages/pageB' import main from '../pages/main' Vue.use(Router) export default new Router({ routes: [ { path: '/', name: 'main', component: main, redirect: '/home', children: [ { path: 'home', name: 'home', component: home }, { path: 'pageAList', name: 'pageAList', component: pageAList, meta: { keepAlive: true } }, { path: 'pageB', component: pageB } ] }, { path: '/pageADetail', name: 'pageADetail', component: pageADetail } ] })
vuex的store.js裏面存儲一個名爲excludeComponents的數組,這個數組用來操做須要作緩存的組件
state.js
const state = { excludeComponents: [] } export default state
同時在mutations.js裏面加入兩個方法, addExcludeComponent是往excludeComponents裏面添加元素的,removeExcludeComponent是往excludeComponents數組裏面移除元素
注意: 這兩個方法的第二個參數是數組或者組件name
mutations.js
const mutations = { addExcludeComponent (state, excludeComponent) { let excludeComponents = state.excludeComponents if (Array.isArray(excludeComponent)) { state.excludeComponents = [...new Set([...excludeComponents, ...excludeComponent])] } else { state.excludeComponents = [...new Set([...excludeComponents, excludeComponent])] } }, // excludeComponent多是組件name字符串或者數組 removeExcludeComponent (state, excludeComponent) { let excludeComponents = state.excludeComponents if (Array.isArray(excludeComponent)) { for (let i = 0; i < excludeComponent.length; i++) { let index = excludeComponents.findIndex(v => v === excludeComponent[i]) if (index > -1) { excludeComponents.splice(index, 1) } } } else { for (let i = 0, len = excludeComponents.length; i < len; i++) { if (excludeComponents[i] === excludeComponent) { excludeComponents.splice(i, 1) break } } } state.excludeComponents = excludeComponents } } export default mutations
將App.vue的router-view用keep-alive組件包裹, main.vue的路由也須要這麼包裹,這點很是重要,由於pageAList組件是從它們的router-view中匹配的
<keep-alive :exclude="excludeComponents"><som-component></some-component></keep-alive>
這個寫法你們應該不會陌生,這也是尤大神官方推薦的緩存方法, exclude屬性值能夠是組件名稱字符串(組件選項的name屬性)或者數組,表明不緩存這些組件,因此vuex裏面的addExcludeComponent是表明要緩存組件,addExcludeComponent表明不緩存組件,這裏稍微有點繞,請牢記這個規則,這樣接下來你就不會被繞進去了。
App.vue
<template> <div id="app"> <keep-alive :exclude="excludeComponents"> <router-view v-if="$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view> </keep-alive> <router-view v-if="!$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'App', computed: { excludeComponents () { return this.$store.state.excludeComponents } } } </script
main.vue
<template> <div> <ul> <li v-for="nav in navs" :key="nav.name"> <router-link :to="nav.name">{{nav.title}}</router-link> </li> </ul> <keep-alive :exclude="excludeComponents"> <router-view v-if="$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view> </keep-alive> <router-view v-if="!$route.meta.keepAlive"></router-view> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'main.vue', data () { return { navs: [{ name: 'home', title: '首頁' }, { name: 'pageAList', title: 'pageAList' }, { name: 'pageB', title: 'pageB' }] } }, methods: { }, computed: { excludeComponents () { return this.$store.state.excludeComponents } }, created () { } } </script>
接下來的兩點設置很是重要
對於須要緩存的一級路由pageAList,添加兩個路由生命週期鉤子beforeRouteEnter
和beforeRouteLeave
import {getVideoList} from '../api' export default { name: 'pageAList', // 組件名稱,和組件對應的路由名稱不須要相同 data () { return { currentPage: 1, pageSize: 10, total: 0, allList: [], list: [] } }, methods: { getVideoList () { let params = {currentPage: this.currentPage, pageSize: this.pageSize} getVideoList(params).then(r => { if (r.code === 0) { this.list = r.data.list this.total = r.data.total } }) }, goIntoVideo (item) { this.$router.push({name: 'pageADetail', query: {id: item.id}}) }, handleCurrentPage (val) { this.currentPage = val this.getVideoList() } }, beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) { next(vm => { vm.$store.commit('removeExcludeComponent', 'pageAList') next() }) }, beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) { let reg = /pageADetail/ if (reg.test(to.name)) { this.$store.commit('removeExcludeComponent', 'pageAList') } else { this.$store.commit('addExcludeComponent', 'pageAList') } next() }, activated () { this.getVideoList() }, mounted () { this.getVideoList() } }
對於須要緩存的一級路由的二級路由組件pageADetail,添加beforeRouteLeave路由生命週期鉤子
在這個beforeRouteLeave鉤子裏面,須要先清除一級組件的緩存狀態,若是跳轉路由匹配到一級組件,再緩存一級組件
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) { let componentName = '' // 離開詳情頁時,將pageAList添加到exludeComponents裏,也就是將須要緩存的頁面pageAList置爲不緩存狀態 let list = ['pageAList'] this.$store.commit('addExcludeComponent', list) // 緩存組件路由名稱到組件name的映射 let map = new Map([['pageAList', 'pageAList']]) componentName = map.get(to.name) || '' // 若是離開的時候跳轉的路由是pageAList,將pageAList從exludeComponents裏面移除,也就是要緩存pageAList this.$store.commit('removeExcludeComponent', componentName) next() }
進入了pageAList,就在beforeRouteEnter裏緩存了它,離開當前組件的時候有兩種狀況:
1 跳轉進去pageADetail,在pageAList的beforeRouteLeave鉤子裏面緩存pageAList,從pageADetail離開的時候,也有兩種狀況
自認爲用這個方案來實現緩存,最終的效果很是完美了
缺點:
項目源碼的github地址,歡迎你們克隆下載
npm install
安裝項目依賴npm run server
啓動後臺服務器監聽本地3003端口npm run dev
啓動前端項目上面的方法二級緩存就夠了
上面咱們說的是兩個頁面,二級緩存的問題,如今假設有三個頁面,A1-A2-A3,一步步點進去,要求從A3返回到A2的時候,緩存A2,再從A2返回A1的時候,緩存A1,你們能夠本身動手研究下,這裏就不寫了,其實就是上面的思路,留給你們研究,你們能夠關注個人微信公衆號,裏面有三級緩存的代碼答案。
對不起,仍是不能免俗,無論大家如何不滿,我仍是要給個人公衆號打廣告,名字很俗,前端研究中心,可是內容不俗,不按期更新優質前端內容:原創或者翻譯國外優秀教程,下面是公衆號的二維碼,歡迎你們掃碼加入,一塊兒學習和進步。