**segmentfault 對 mackdown 語法的支持不是很好,有些圖片都顯示不出來,你們能夠去個人掘金查看這篇文章。java
<font face= 黑體>Kotlin 是一種在 Java 虛擬機上運行的靜態類型編程語言。它主要是 JetBrains 開發團隊所開發出來的編程語言。雖然 Kotlin 與 Java 語法並不兼容,但 Kotlin 被設計成能夠和 Java 代碼相互運做,並能夠重複使用如 Java 集合框架等現有 Java 引用的方法庫。它很容易在 Android 項目中替代 Java 或者同 Java 一塊兒使用。android
<font face= 黑體>Google 在2019年的 Google I/O 大會上宣佈 Kotlin 被選爲 Android 開發首選語言。編程
Java
System.out.print("hello world"); System.out.println("hello world");
Kotlin
print("hello world") println("hello world")
Java
String name = "hello world"; final String name = "hello world";
Kotlin
var name = "hello world" val name = "hello world"
Java
String name; name = null;
Kotlin
var name : String? name = null
Java
if (text != null) { int length = text.length(); }
Kotlin
text?.let { val length = text.length } // 或者 val length = text?.length
Java
String firstName = "Android"; String lastName = "enginner"; String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;
Kotlin
val firstName = "Android" val lastName = "enginner" val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"
Java
String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";
Kotlin
val text = if (x > 5) "x > 5" else "x <= 5"
Java
if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }
Kotlin
if (score in 0..300) { }
Java
int score = // some score; String grade; switch (score) { case 10: case 9: grade = "Excellent"; break; case 8: case 7: case 6: grade = "Good"; break; case 5: case 4: grade = "OK"; break; case 3: case 2: case 1: grade = "Fail"; break; default: grade = "Fail"; }
Kotlin
var score = // some score var grade = when (score) { 9, 10 -> "Excellent" in 6..8 -> "Good" 4, 5 -> "OK" in 1..3 -> "Fail" else -> "Fail" }
Java
for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { } for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { } for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { } for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { } for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { } for (String item : collection) { } for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }
Kotlin
for (i in 1..10) { } for (i in 1 until 10) { } for (i in 10 downTo 0) { } for (i in 1..10 step 2) { } for (i in 10 downTo 0 step 2) { } for (item in collection) { } for ((key, value) in map) { }
Java
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4); final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>(); map.put(1, "Android"); map.put(2, "Ali"); map.put(3, "Mindorks"); // Java 9 final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4); final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Android", 2, "Ali", 3, "Mindorks");
Kotlin
val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4) val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Android", 2 to "Ali", 3 to "Mindorks")
Java
// Java 7 and below for (Car car : cars) { System.out.println(car.speed); } // Java 8+ cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed)); // Java 7 and below for (Car car : cars) { if (car.speed > 100) { System.out.println(car.speed); } } // Java 8+ cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));
Kotlin
cars.forEach { println(it.speed) } cars.filter { it.speed > 100 } .forEach { println(it.speed)}
Java
void doSomething() { // logic here } void doSomething(int... numbers) { // logic here }
Kotlin
fun doSomething() { // logic here } fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) { // logic here }
Java
public class Utils { private Utils() { // This utility class is not publicly instantiable } public static int getScore(int value) { return 2 * value; } }
Kotlin
class Utils private constructor() { companion object { fun getScore(value: Int): Int { return 2 * value } } } // 或者 object Utils { fun getScore(value: Int): Int { return 2 * value } }
Java
public class Developer { private String name; private int age; public Developer(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
Kotlin
data class Developer(val name: String, val age: Int)
Java
final int andResult = a & b; final int orResult = a | b; final int xorResult = a ^ b; final int rightShift = a >> 2; final int leftShift = a << 2; final int unsignedRightShift = a >>> 2;
Kotlin
val andResult = a and b val orResult = a or b val xorResult = a xor b val rightShift = a shr 2 val leftShift = a shl 2 val unsignedRightShift = a ushr 2
<font face=黑體>用 Android Studio 打開已有的 Android 項目,而後菜單欄上的Tools
選項 --> Kotlin
--> configure kotlin in project
segmentfault
project/build.gradle
buildscript { // add + ext.kotlin_version = '1.3.61' repositories { google() jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.3' // add + classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version" } }
app/build.gradle
apply plugin: 'com.android.application' // add + apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions' // add + apply plugin: 'kotlin-android' ... dependencies { ... // add + implementation "androidx.core:core-ktx:+" // add + implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version" } repositories { mavenCentral() }
<font face=黑體>打開一個 Java 文件,而後選擇菜單欄上的 Code
選項 --> convert java file to kotlin file
瀏覽器
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } }
<font face=黑體>轉換後:安全
import android.os.Bundle import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) } }