鏈表是一種數據結構,鏈表在循環遍歷的時候效率不高,可是在插入和刪除時優點比較大。
鏈表由一個個節點組成。
單向鏈表的節點分爲兩個部分:存儲的對象和對下一個節點的引用。注意是指向下一個節點。
而雙向鏈表區別於單向鏈表的是它是由三個部分組成:存儲的對象、對下一個節點的引用、對上一個節點的引用,能夠實現雙向遍歷。
單向列表的結構以下圖:
head是頭節點,tail是尾節點,每一個節點由Data存儲對象和Next對下一個節點引用組成
下面說一下單向鏈表插入和刪除的過程。
插入一個新節點:
原理:前一個節點的Next指向當前新節點,新節點的Next指向要插入節點位置的後一個節點。
注意:在實際應用時須要考慮插入位置是頭結點和尾節點的狀況。
刪除一個節點:
原理:找到要刪除節點的上一個節點,直接上一個節點的Next指向刪除位置的下一個節點。
注意:在實際應用中須要考慮到刪除的節點是不是頭節點或尾節點,須要考慮到鏈表的長度。
下面附上一個用python寫的單鏈表的例子。
class Node:
next = None
data = None
def __init__(self,nodeData):
self.data = nodeData
class List:
head = None
size = 0
def __init__(self):
self.size = 0
self.head = None
#遍歷鏈表
def a(self):
print("avx")
def printlist(self):
p=self.head
while(p is not None):
print(p.data)
p=p.next
print("——————————————————————————————————————")
def insertlink(self, a, newdata):
newnode = Node(newdata)
if self.size == 0:
print("The link is none")
self.head = newnode
self.size = self.size+1
else:
p = self.head
while(p is not None )and (p.data != a):
p = p.next
if p.next is None:
p.next = newnode
self.size = self.size + 1
else:
newnode.next = p.next
p.next = newnode
self.size = self.size + 1
#刪除鏈表中的節點
def deldata(self,a):
if self.size == 0:
print("The link is none")
elif self.size ==1:
self.head = None
self.size = self.size -1
else:
p = self.head
while(p is not None )and (p.data != a):
q = p
p = p.next
if p is None:
print("Can't find a")
elif p == self.head:
self.head = p.next
elif p.data ==a and p.next is not None:
q.next = q.next.next
self.size = self.size - 1
else:
q.next = None
self.size = self.size - 1
#修改鏈表中的指定節點
def updatelink(self,a,b):
p = self.head
print(p.data)
while(p is not None ) and (p.data!=a):
p = p.next
if p is None:
print("Can't find a")
else:
p.data = b
if __name__=="__main__":
p = List()
p.insertlink(1,1)
p.insertlink(1,2)
p.insertlink(1,3)
p.insertlink(1,4)
print("_________________________---insertlink")
p.printlist()
print("_________________________--chalink")
p.updatelink(2,5)
p.printlist()
print("___________________________-----dellink")
p.deldata(5)
p.printlist()
雙向鏈表的結構以下圖:
head是頭節點,tail是尾節點,每一個節點由Data存儲對象,Next對下一個節點的引用和Pre對上一個節點的引用組成。能夠實現雙向的遍歷
下面說一下雙向鏈表的插入和刪除
插入一個新節點:
原理:
找到要插入的節點位置,新節點的Next指向插入位置的下一個節點,插入位置的下一個節點的Pre指向新節點。
插入位置節點的左側Next指向新節點,新節點的Pre指向左側的節點。
刪除一個節點:
說明:
找到要刪除的節點的上一個節點
直接把上一個節點的Next指向要刪除節點的下一個節點
並把要刪除節點的下一個節點的Pre指向要上出節點的上一個節點便可
雙向鏈表的代碼:
class Node():
data = None
nextnode = None
prenode = None
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
class PersonChan(): size = 0 head = None tail = None def __init__(self): self.head = None self.tail = None self.size = 0 #增長節點 def add_node(self, a): newnode = Node(a) if(self.head == None): self.head = newnode self.head.prenode = None self.tail = newnode self.tail.prenode = None self.tail.nextnode = None self.size = self.size+1 else: temp = self.head while temp.nextnode is not None:#返回尾節點tail temp = temp.nextnode temp.nextnode = newnode self.tail = newnode self.tail.prenode = temp self.tail.nextnode = None self.size = self.size+1 #在查找到的a後面增長節點 def ins_node(self,a,b): newnode = Node(b) if self.head ==None: self.head = newnode self.tail = newnode print("Insert success:",newnode.data) self.size = self.size +1 else: temp = self.head while(temp is not None)&(temp.data != a): temp = temp.nextnode if temp.nextnode == None: temp.nextnode = newnode self.tail = newnode self.tail.prenode = temp self.tail.nextnode = None temp = None print("Insert success:",newnode.data) self.size = self.size+1 else: newnode.prenode = temp newnode.nextnode = temp.nextnode temp.nextnode = newnode print("Insert success:",newnode.data) self.size = self.size+1 #刪除節點 def del_node(self,a): if self.head == None: pass elif self.head.data == a: if self.size ==1: self.head = None self.tail = None self.size = self.size-1 else: self.head = self.head.nextnode self.size = self.size -1 else: temp = self.head.nextnode while (temp is not None) and (temp.data != a): temp = temp.nextnode p = temp.prenode if temp != None: if temp.nextnode == None: self.tail = p self.tail.nextnod = None else: p.nextnode = temp.nextnode temp = None self.size = self.size -1 print("Delete is success:",a) def listall(self):#正序排列 if self.size == 0: print("No data in the list") else: temp = self.head while(temp is not None): print(temp.data) temp = temp.nextnode def lista(self):#倒序排列 if self.size == 0: print("No data in the list") temp = self.tail while(temp is not None): print(temp.data) temp = temp.prenodeif __name__ == '__main__': link = PersonChan() link.add_node(1) link.add_node(2) link.add_node(3) link.add_node(4) link.listall() print("The list's size is:",link.size) link.lista()