Linux基礎學習-Postfix與Dovecot部署郵件系統

電子郵件系統

電子郵件系統是咱們在平常工做、生活中最經常使用的一種網絡服務。

部署基礎的電子郵件系統

[root@qdlinux ~]# yum install bind-chroot -y
[root@qdlinux ~]# vim /etc/hostname 
[root@qdlinux ~]# hostname
mail.linuxprobe.com

//清空iptables防火牆默認策略,並保存策略狀態
[root@qdlinux ~]# iptables -F
[root@qdlinux ~]# service iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:[  肯定  ]

[root@qdlinux ~]# vim /etc/named.conf 

options {
        listen-on port 53 { any; };
        listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
        directory       "/var/named";
        dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
        statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
        memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
        allow-query     { any; };

[root@qdlinux ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
zone "linuxprobe.com" IN {
type master;
file "linuxprobe.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};

// cd /var/named
[root@qdlinux named]# cp -a named.localhost linuxprobe.com.zone
[root@qdlinux named]# vim linuxprobe.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@       IN SOA  linuxprobe.com. root.linuxprobe.com. (
                                        0       ; serial
                                        1D      ; refresh
                                        1H      ; retry
                                        1W      ; expire
                                        3H )    ; minimum
        NS      ns.linuxprobe.com.
ns      IN A    192.168.56.25
@       IN MX 10 mail.linuxprobe.com.
mail    IN A    192.168.56.25

[root@qdlinux named]# systemctl restart named
[root@qdlinux named]# systemctl enable named
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named.service'

配置Postfix服務程序

Postfix是一款由IBM資助研發的免費開源電子郵件服務程序,可以很好地兼容Sendmail服務程序,能夠方便Sendmail用戶遷移到Postfix服務上.

參數	做用
myhostname	郵局系統的主機名
mydomain	郵局系統的域名
myorigin	從本機發出的郵件的域名名稱
inet_interfaces	監聽的網卡接口
mydestination	可接受郵件的主機名或域名
mynetworks	設置可轉發哪些主機的郵件
relay_domains	設置可轉發哪些網域的郵件

[root@qdlinux named]# yum install postfix
[root@qdlinux named]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf 

77 myhostname = mail.linuxprobe.com
84 mydomain = linuxprobe.com
100 myorgin = $mydomain
117 inet_interfaces = all
165 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain

//添加本地用戶建立密碼用於電子郵件系統登陸帳戶
[root@mail named]# systemctl restart postfix.service 
[root@mail named]# systemctl enable postfix

配置Dovecot服務程序

[root@mail named]# yum install dovecot -y
[root@mail named]# vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf 
 25 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
 26 disable_plaintext_auth = no
 51 login_trusted_networks = 192.168.56.0/24
[root@mail named]# vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf 
 24 #   mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
 25 #   mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
 26    mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

[root@mail named]# su - wgzll
上一次登陸：二 8月 21 08:52:59 CST 2018:0 上
ABRT has detected 1 problem(s). For more info run: abrt-cli list --since 1534813209
[wgzll@mail ~]$ id
uid=1000(wgzll) gid=1000(wgzll) 組=1000(wgzll),10(wheel) 環境=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[wgzll@mail ~]$ mkdir -p mail/.imap/INBOX

[root@mail named]# systemctl restart dovecot
[root@mail named]# systemctl enable dovecot
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dovecot.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dovecot.service'
[root@mail named]# systemctl restart postfix.service 
[root@mail named]# systemctl enable postfix

測試電子郵件系統

主機名稱	操做系統	IP地址
電子郵件系統及DNS服務器	RHEL7	192.168.56.25
客戶端主機	Windows 7	192.168.56.30

[root@mail named]# mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root": 2 messages 2 new
>N  1 user@localhost.xyz    Tue Aug 21 09:20 170/6951  "[abrt] full crash report"
 N  2 wgzll                 Sat Aug 25 20:38 119/3662  "Hello~"
& 2
Message  2:
From wgzll@linuxprobe.com  Sat Aug 25 20:38:05 2018
Return-Path: <wgzll@linuxprobe.com>
X-Original-To: root@linuxprobe.com
Delivered-To: root@linuxprobe.com
From: "wgzll" <wgzll@linuxprobe.com>
To: <root@linuxprobe.com>
Subject: Hello~
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2018 20:38:06 +0800
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
    boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0001_01D43CB3.872C58B0"
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 12.0
Thread-Index: AdQ8cHcGmIa/AAncTiqrA9WpZ+Lqew==
Content-Language: zh-cn
x-cr-hashedpuzzle: oeE= 5hM= ALkx CcEg CvVx EJgt EYbg GBXk GQ56 GSqZ GnVQ Ig73 JIgR Jbgs J
9/E KqFk;1;cgBvAG8AdABAAGwAaQBuAHUAeABwAHIAbwBiAGUALgBjAG8AbQA=;Sosha1_v1;7;{B434BAF0-D9B5
-4FEF-8935-91553750D981};dwBnAHoAbABsAEAAbABpAG4AdQB4AHAAcgBvAGIAZQAuAGMAbwBtAA==;Sat, 25 
Aug 2018 12:38:03 GMT;SABlAGwAbABvAH4A
x-cr-puzzleid: {B434BAF0-D9B5-4FEF-8935-91553750D981}
Status: R

Content-Type: text/plain;
    charset="gb2312"

當您收到這封郵件時,證實個人郵局系統試驗已經成功!
& quit
Held 2 messages in /var/spool/mail/root
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有郵件

設置用戶別名信箱

[root@mail named]# cat /etc/aliases
#
#  Aliases in this file will NOT be expanded in the header from
#  Mail, but WILL be visible over networks or from /bin/mail.
#
#   >>>>>>>>>>  The program "newaliases" must be run after
#   >> NOTE >>  this file is updated for any changes to
#   >>>>>>>>>>  show through to sendmail.
#

# Basic system aliases -- these MUST be present.
mailer-daemon:  postmaster
postmaster: root

# General redirections for pseudo accounts.
bin:        root
daemon:     root
adm:        root
lp:     root
sync:       root
shutdown:   root
halt:       root
mail:       root
news:       root
uucp:       root
operator:   root
games:      root
gopher:     root
ftp:        root
nobody:     root
radiusd:    root
nut:        root
dbus:       root
vcsa:       root
canna:      root
wnn:        root
rpm:        root
nscd:       root
pcap:       root
apache:     root
webalizer:  root
dovecot:    root
fax:        root
quagga:     root
radvd:      root
pvm:        root
amandabackup:       root
privoxy:    root
ident:      root
named:      root
xfs:        root
gdm:        root
mailnull:   root
postgres:   root
sshd:       root
smmsp:      root
postfix:    root
netdump:    root
ldap:       root
squid:      root
ntp:        root
mysql:      root
desktop:    root
rpcuser:    root
rpc:        root
nfsnobody:  root

ingres:     root
system:     root
toor:       root
manager:    root
dumper:     root
abuse:      root

newsadm:    news
newsadmin:  news
usenet:     news
ftpadm:     ftp
ftpadmin:   ftp
ftp-adm:    ftp
ftp-admin:  ftp
www:        webmaster
webmaster:  root
noc:        root
security:   root
hostmaster: root
info:       postmaster
marketing:  postmaster
sales:      postmaster
support:    postmaster


# trap decode to catch security attacks
decode:     root

# Person who should get root's mail
#root:      marc

------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@mail named]# mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10.  Type ? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root": 3 messages 1 new 2 unread
 U  1 user@localhost.xyz    Tue Aug 21 09:20 171/6961  "[abrt] full crash report"
    2 wgzll                 Sat Aug 25 20:38 120/3673  "Hello~"
>N  3 wgzll                 Sat Aug 25 21:06 118/3583  "你好,用戶Bin"
& 3
Message  3:
From wgzll@linuxprobe.com  Sat Aug 25 21:06:18 2018
Return-Path: <wgzll@linuxprobe.com>
X-Original-To: bin@linuxprobe.com
Delivered-To: bin@linuxprobe.com
From: "wgzll" <wgzll@linuxprobe.com>
To: <bin@linuxprobe.com>
Subject: 你好,用戶Bin
Date: Sat, 25 Aug 2018 21:06:19 +0800
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
    boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0006_01D43CB7.783380F0"
X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook 12.0
Thread-Index: AdQ8dGhJfCWNrEMJQdynqCBhnZ8rHQ==
Content-Language: zh-cn
x-cr-hashedpuzzle: hBM= CDJ0 CMXa CxHz DMZJ Eusa FJ2V GSHH GqwB GvwW I7Kc I8yv JPcS J+7K K
Qci KTEA;1;YgBpAG4AQABsAGkAbgB1AHgAcAByAG8AYgBlAC4AYwBvAG0A;Sosha1_v1;7;{FEA2CB4E-66DB-46A
6-B45B-893EBA119A6F};dwBnAHoAbABsAEAAbABpAG4AdQB4AHAAcgBvAGIAZQAuAGMAbwBtAA==;Sat, 25 Aug 
2018 13:06:16 GMT;YE99WSwAKHU3YkIAaQBuAA==
x-cr-puzzleid: {FEA2CB4E-66DB-46A6-B45B-893EBA119A6F}
Status: R

Content-Type: text/plain;
    charset="gb2312"

這是一封發給用戶Bin的文件.

& quit
Held 3 messages in /var/spool/mail/root
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有郵件

[root@mail named]# mail wgzll@linuxprobe.com
Subject: 你好,wgzll
你好,這是一封測試郵件!!!
.
EOT