JAVA集合類:
java.util包下的HashSet和HashMap類不是線程安全的,
java.util.concurrent包下的ConcurrentHashMap類是線程安全的。java
寫2個測試類來驗證下:安全
package com.cdfive.learn.thread; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * 驗證HashSet不是線程安全 * * @author cdfive * @date 2019-02-11 */ public class HashSetTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();// 結果可能大於1000 // final Set<Integer> set = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());// 結果等於1000 // final Set<Integer> set = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Boolean>());// 結果等於1000 // 往set寫入1-1000 Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) { set.add(i); } } }; int threadNum = 10;// 線程數 List<Thread> threadList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) { Thread thread = new Thread(runnable); threadList.add(thread); thread.start(); } // 主線程等待子線程執行完成 for (Thread thread : threadList) { try { thread.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println(set.size());// 結果可能大於1000 } }
package com.cdfive.learn.thread; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; /** * 驗證HashMap不是線程安全 * * @author cdfive * @date 2019-02-11 */ public class HashMapTest { public static void main(String[] args) { final Map<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();// 結果可能大於1000 // final Map<Integer, Integer> map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());// 結果等於1000 // final Map<Integer, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();// 結果等於1000 // 往map寫入1-1000, key和value相同 Runnable runnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 1000; i++) { map.put(i, i); } } }; int threadNum = 2;// 線程數 List<Thread> threadList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) { Thread thread = new Thread(runnable); threadList.add(thread); thread.start(); } // 主線程等待子線程執行完成 for (Thread thread : threadList) { try { thread.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println(map.size());// 結果可能大於1000 } }
若是須要保證線程安全的場景:
1.將HashSet或HashMap轉換爲線程安全,使用Collections.synchronizedSet或Collections.synchronizedMap方法;
2.使用Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Boolean>())或使用java.util.concurrent包下的ConcurrentHashMap;
3.仍然使用HashSet或HashMap,使用時手動進行加鎖或同步;// 考慮到儘量提高性能ide
在項目中根據實際場景進行選擇和應用。性能