Java HashMap類源碼解析

  做爲重要的經常使用集合,HashMap主要是提供鍵值對的存取,經過key值能夠快速找到對應的value值。Hash表是經過提早設定好的規則計算一個元素的hash值來找到他在數組中的存儲位置進行快速定位,假設有一個大小爲10的數組,能夠設定簡單的計算規則爲元素轉爲int後mod 10,由此元素的hash值必定會落在大小爲10的數組內。因爲不一樣元素可能會計算出相同的hash值,如例子中1和11都應該在下標爲1的位置,這就是hash值的衝突。爲了解決這個問題有幾種經常使用的策略:html

  1. 鏈表法,先加入11存儲在A[1]的位置,而後加入1,檢查A[1]已經有數了,將1鏈接到11的後面造成鏈表。
  2. 開放地址法,檢查到衝突後根據必定規則去檢查另外的位置是否有空能夠存儲新的元素。根據探測方法的不一樣,常見的有線性探測法,按照A[1], A[2]…的順序檢查,以及平方探測法,按照A[1], A[1+1^2], A[1+2^2]…
  3. 再hash法,按照另外的計算公式從新計算hash值知道再也不衝突。

  由此引入一個hash表的屬性——負載因子,負載因子=存儲的元素個數/數組大小。很顯然,鏈表法因爲衝突位置鏈無限延長的特色,若不加以限制負載因子能夠超過1,負載因子越大表明表中的數據越密集。java

  HashMap的key和value值均可覺得null,get操做時若找不到對應的key值會返回null,具體見下方的例子:node

 1     public static void main(String args[]){
 2         Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
 3         System.out.println(map.put(null, "123"));//null
 4         System.out.println(map.put("456", null));//null
 5         System.out.println(map.get("123"));//null
 6         System.out.println(map.get(null));//123
 7         System.out.println(map.get("456"));//null
 8         System.out.println(map.put(null, "345"));//123
 9         System.out.println(map.get(null));//345
10     }
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  由於篇幅加難度的緣由TreeNode部分的分析見Java HashMap類源碼解析(續)-TreeNode數組

  首先大體翻譯下note的主要內容:一般是桶式hash表(鏈表解決衝突),可是桶過大達到TREEIFY_THRESHOLD值的時候會轉爲樹狀TreeNode使得密度太高時的操做能夠變得更快。通常對象在樹中是按hashcode排序,可是對於實現了Comparable<C>的對象是經過comapreTo來排序。因爲TreeNode的大小接近普通node的兩倍,當桶變小時會轉回線性鏈表。TreeNode是JDK8引入的紅黑樹結構,樹根一般是hash映射的第一個結點,除了Iterator.remove以外。鏈表在樹化或是分裂時保證結點的遍歷順序是一致的。緩存

 1 static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
 2         final int hash;
 3         final K key;
 4         V value;
 5         Node<K,V> next;
 6 
 7         Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
 8             this.hash = hash;
 9             this.key = key;
10             this.value = value;
11             this.next = next;
12         }
13 
14         public final K getKey()        { return key; }
15         public final V getValue()      { return value; }
16         public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
17 
18         public final int hashCode() {
19             //key和value的hashCode亦或
20             return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
21         }
22 
23         public final V setValue(V newValue) {
24             V oldValue = value;
25             value = newValue;
26             return oldValue;
27         }
28 
29         public final boolean equals(Object o) {
30             if (o == this)
31                 return true;
32             if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
33                 Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
34                 //key == e.getKey()或者key.equals(e.getKey())
35                 if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
36                     Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
37                     return true;
38             }
39             return false;
40         }
41 }
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  而後咱們來看下Node的結構。通常的箱式結點實現了Map.Entry<K,V>接口,這是一個key-value鍵值對,內部有4個屬性hash值、K、V以及指向下個結點的引用。hashCode方法是對key和value的hash值求異或,也重寫了equals和toString方法。安全

1 static final int hash(Object key) {
2         int h;
3         //key的hashCode無符號右移16位的值與本身進行異或
4         return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
5 }
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對於HashMap自身的hash方法,這樣作的目的是避免hash值高位由於表大小而永遠不會被用於hash值的計算,使得分佈能夠更加均勻。app

1 static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
2         int n = cap - 1;//cap=0001 1000 0001 1111(6175) n = 0001 1000 0001 1110
3         n |= n >>> 1;//n = 0001 1100 0001 1111
4         n |= n >>> 2;//n = 0001 1111 0001 1111
5         n |= n >>> 4;//n = 0001 1111 1111 1111
6         n |= n >>> 8;//n = 0001 1111 1111 1111
7         n |= n >>> 16;//n = 0001 1111 1111 1111(8191)
8         return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
9 }
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根據cap返回剛好大於等於該值的2的指數大小。以cap = 6175進行演示,可得n最終爲8191即2^13-1,因此返回值爲2^13ide

 HashMap內部屬性以下:函數

    //hash表的底層數組,大小永遠是2的指數
    transient Node<K,V>[] table;

    //含有鍵值對的set高速緩存
    transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;

    //鍵值對的數量
    transient int size;

    //HashMap被結構性修改的次數,包括改變鍵值對個數的操做和rehash等改變內部結構的操做,用於迭代器在線程不安全時快速拋錯
    transient int modCount;

    //達到某個大小後就要改變數組大小,等於capacity * load factor
    int threshold;

    //負載因子
    final float loadFactor;
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構造函數:this

 1     //參數缺省值爲16和0.75
 2     public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
 3         if (initialCapacity < 0)
 4             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
 5                                                initialCapacity);
 6         //大小最大不能超過1<<30
 7         if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
 8             initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
 9         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
10             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
11                                                loadFactor);
12         this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
13         //計算剛好大於等於initialCapacity的2的指數做爲容量大小
14         this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
15     }
16     public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
17         this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
18         putMapEntries(m, false);
19     }
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這裏經過一個已有Map來構造時用到了putMapEntries這個方法,先來看下這個方法

 1     final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
 2         int s = m.size();
 3         if (s > 0) {
 4             if (table == null) { //當前沒有元素
 5                 float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;//計算出m的容量
 6                 int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
 7                          (int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
 8                 if (t > threshold)
 9                     threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
10             }
11             else if (s > threshold)
12                 resize();//若m的元素個數超過了threhold則須要擴展表
13             for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
14                 K key = e.getKey();
15                 V value = e.getValue();
16                 putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);//將鍵值對插入到表中
17             }
18         }
19     }
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能夠看到其中調用了用於擴展表的resize和插入鍵值對的putVal。先看resize方法,這個方法在表大小超過threhold時就會被調用,做用就是擴展數組大小,並將元素複製到數組中,同時對於衝突鏈表不須要從新計算hash值而是會根據他們的hash值決定要不要複製到數組的高位去

 1     final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
 2         Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
 3         int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;//當前表中元素個數
 4         int oldThr = threshold;
 5         int newCap, newThr = 0;
 6         if (oldCap > 0) {
 7             if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
 8                 threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 9                 return oldTab;
10             }
11             else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
12                      oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
13                 newThr = oldThr << 1; // 當前表中元素個數大於等於16且小於上限的一半時,threshold加倍
14         }
15         else if (oldThr > 0) // 這個條件成立時說明構造時給了capacity參數,由此計算出了threhold
16             newCap = oldThr;
17         else {               //沒有任何參數的初始化直接使用默認值
18             newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
19             newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
20         }
21         if (newThr == 0) {//當前表中沒有元素的狀況
22             float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
23             newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
24                       (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
25         }
26         threshold = newThr;
27         @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
28             Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
29         table = newTab;
30         if (oldTab != null) {
31             for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
32                 Node<K,V> e;
33                 if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
34                     oldTab[j] = null;
35                     if (e.next == null)
36                         //e沒有後續鏈表結點時,由於newCap是oldCap的2倍,至關於掩碼多了一位,本來hash值的這個多出來的有效位是0或1會決定它在新數組中下標是否變化
37                         newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
38                     else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
39                         ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
40                     else { // 存在非樹的鏈表時,保持前後順序不變
41                         Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;//低位鏈表
42                         Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;//高位鏈表
43                         Node<K,V> next;
44                         do {
45                             next = e.next;
46                           //這裏的運算至關於直接檢查hash新增的高位是0仍是1,由於oldCap是2的指數因此只有最高位是1其他都是0,舊hash的高位爲1時要進行移動
47                             if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
48                                 if (loTail == null)
49                                     loHead = e;
50                                 else
51                                     loTail.next = e;
52                                 loTail = e;
53                             }
54                             else {
55                                 if (hiTail == null)
56                                     hiHead = e;
57                                 else
58                                     hiTail.next = e;
59                                 hiTail = e;
60                             }
61                         } while ((e = next) != null);
62                         if (loTail != null) {
63                             loTail.next = null;
64                             newTab[j] = loHead;//低位鏈表直接複製到本來所在的位置
65                         }
66                         if (hiTail != null) {
67                             hiTail.next = null;
68                             newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;//高位鏈表的移動規則是本來的下標+oldCap
69                         }
70                     }
71                 }
72             }
73         }
74         return newTab;
75     }
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putVal這個方法是把值存入表中,在多個put類方法中被調用

 1     /**
 2      * Implements Map.put and related methods
 3      *
 4      * @param hash hash for key
 5      * @param key the key
 6      * @param value the value to put
 7      * @param onlyIfAbsent if true, don't change existing value爲true表示不改變已有值
 8      * @param evict if false, the table is in creation mode.爲false表示是新建表
 9      * @return previous value, or null if none
10      */
11     final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
12                    boolean evict) {
13         Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
14         if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
15             n = (tab = resize()).length;//當前表的table數組爲空時需進行擴展
16         if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)//hash值截斷到n-1對應的位數進行定位
17             tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);//若該下標位置爲空,則直接放入數組
18         else {
19             Node<K,V> e; K k;
20             if (p.hash == hash &&
21                 ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
22                 e = p;//檢查表上的根結點的hash與key值是否與新增的結點相等,若相等則將修改根結點的value
23             else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
24                 e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);//已是樹調用樹的遍歷方法
25             else {
26                 for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
27                     if ((e = p.next) == null) {
28                         p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);//若在箱式鏈表中沒有找到key相等的結點,則新建結點插入到鏈表末尾
29                         if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
30                             treeifyBin(tab, hash);//若增長該結點後,鏈表上的結點數超過了TREEIFY_THRESHOLD則轉爲樹,該判斷僅在遍歷到鏈表末尾時執行
31                         break;
32                     }
33                     if (e.hash == hash &&
34                         ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))//找到了key和hash值相等的結點
35                         break;
36                     p = e;
37                 }
38             }
39             if (e != null) { // 找到了相同的key則修改value值並返回舊的value
40                 V oldValue = e.value;
41                 if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
42                     e.value = value;
43                 afterNodeAccess(e);
44                 return oldValue;
45             }
46         }
47         ++modCount;//新增結點時增長modCount
48         if (++size > threshold)
49             resize();//大小超過threshold時要擴容
50         afterNodeInsertion(evict);//這個方法是用於繼承了HashMap的LinkedHashMap,用來移除最先放入的結點,保持插入的順序,爲false時表明是新建表不須要進行這個過程
51         return null;
52     }
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treeifyBin將指定hash值對應的位置上的鏈表替換爲樹,除非整個表的大小過小時調用resize,(n - 1) & hash等效於hash mod n,只保留hash除以n的餘數做爲index的值

 1     final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
 2         int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
 3         if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
 4             resize();//表長度小於MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY調用resize
 5         else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {//該hash值對應的index位置上有元素
 6             TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
 7             do {
 8                 TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);//將鏈表轉換爲樹
 9                 if (tl == null)
10                     hd = p;
11                 else {
12                     p.prev = tl;
13                     tl.next = p;
14                 }
15                 tl = p;
16             } while ((e = e.next) != null);
17             if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
18                 hd.treeify(tab);//樹放入index的位置
19         }
20     }
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對於移除操做會調用removeNode,這個方法在多個移除方法中被使用。若移除指定key值成功的結點會返回value值,不然返回null

 1     public V remove(Object key) {
 2         Node<K,V> e;
 3         return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
 4             null : e.value;
 5     }
 6     /**
 7      * 用於移除操做
 8      *
 9      * @param hash hash for key
10      * @param key the key
11      * @param value 僅matchValue爲true時須要考慮,其餘時間不起效
12      * @param matchValue 爲true時只移除value相等的
13      * @param movable 爲false時不移動其餘結點
14      * @return the node, or null if none
15      */
16     final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
17                                boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
18         Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
19         if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
20             (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {//表不爲空且hash值對應的index位置存在元素
21             Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
22             if (p.hash == hash &&
23                 ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))//根結點的key值相等
24                 node = p;
25             else if ((e = p.next) != null) {//根結點key值不相等,存在後續結點
26                 if (p instanceof TreeNode)
27                     node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);//調用樹的遍歷方法尋找結點
28                 else {
29                     do {
30                         if (e.hash == hash &&//爲箱式鏈表時遍歷鏈表尋找key相等的點
31                             ((k = e.key) == key ||
32                              (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
33                             node = e;
34                             break;
35                         }
36                         p = e;
37                     } while ((e = e.next) != null);
38                 }
39             }
40             if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
41                                  (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {//matchValue爲true還須要驗證value是否相等,不然忽略
42                 if (node instanceof TreeNode)
43                     ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);//移除樹結點
44                 else if (node == p)
45                     tab[index] = node.next;//爲箱式鏈表根結點時,將第二個結點放到數組上
46                 else
47                     p.next = node.next;//爲箱式鏈表非結點時,修改上下結點間的指針
48                 ++modCount;//增長modCount
49                 --size;
50                 afterNodeRemoval(node);//預留給LinkedHashMap的方法
51                 return node;
52             }
53         }
54         return null;
55     }
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 clear方法不難理解,將表內全部元素設爲null,size變爲0,增長modCount

1     public void clear() {
2         Node<K,V>[] tab;
3         modCount++;
4         if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
5             size = 0;
6             for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i)
7                 tab[i] = null;
8         }
9     }
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尋找表內有無相等的value,遍歷整個鏈表找到則返回true

 1     public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
 2         Node<K,V>[] tab; V v;
 3         if ((tab = table) != null && size > 0) {
 4             for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {//遍歷hash表
 5                 for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {//遍歷鏈表
 6                     if ((v = e.value) == value ||
 7                         (value != null && value.equals(v)))
 8                         return true;
 9                 }
10             }
11         }
12         return false;
13     }
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key是一個set集合,value是一個collection集合,調用keySet()和values()返回的集合是對HashMap中key和value的直接引用,因此操做會直接反應在HashMap上

 1     public Set<K> keySet() {
 2         Set<K> ks = keySet;
 3         if (ks == null) {
 4             ks = new KeySet();
 5             keySet = ks;
 6         }
 7         return ks;
 8     }
 9 
10     final class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
11         public final int size()                 { return size; }
12         public final void clear()               { HashMap.this.clear(); }//調用的是HashMap.clear(),因此整個表會被清空
13         public final Iterator<K> iterator()     { return new KeyIterator(); }
14         public final boolean contains(Object o) { return containsKey(o); }
15         public final boolean remove(Object key) {
16             return removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true) != null;
17         }
18         public final Spliterator<K> spliterator() {
19             return new KeySpliterator<>(HashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
20         }
21         public final void forEach(Consumer<? super K> action) {
22             Node<K,V>[] tab;
23             if (action == null)
24                 throw new NullPointerException();
25             if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
26                 int mc = modCount;
27                 for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
28                     for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
29                         action.accept(e.key);
30                 }
31                 if (modCount != mc)//遍歷迭代器要求不能被其餘線程修改表內元素個數而引發modCount變化
32                     throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
33             }
34         }
35     }
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根據上面對putVal的分析,該方法不會改變已有的key值,返回值爲舊值或null

1     public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
2         return putVal(hash(key), key, value, true, true);
3     }
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而後來看一下兩個replace方法,區別在於返回值和是否檢查value值

 1     @Override
 2     public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
 3         Node<K,V> e; V v;
 4         if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null &&
 5             ((v = e.value) == oldValue || (v != null && v.equals(oldValue)))) {//key和value要同時符合條件
 6             e.value = newValue;
 7             afterNodeAccess(e);//也是用於LinkedHashMap保持結點插入順序用的
 8             return true;
 9         }
10         return false;
11     }
12 
13     @Override
14     public V replace(K key, V value) {
15         Node<K,V> e;
16         if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null) {//僅key符合條件
17             V oldValue = e.value;
18             e.value = value;
19             afterNodeAccess(e);
20             return oldValue;
21         }
22         return null;
23     }
View Code

 computeIfAbsent這個方法的做用是若key值在map中已有非null的value值,則直接返回舊value值;若value值爲null則根據mappingFunction計算出新的value值並修改map中存在的鍵值對,返回新value值;若不存在key值則新增一個鍵值對插入到key的hash值對應的table數組位置鏈表的頭部,並返回新的value值。注意,putVal方法插入的結點是在鏈表尾部,而該方法是在鏈表頭部。

 1     public V computeIfAbsent(K key,
 2                              Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
 3         if (mappingFunction == null)
 4             throw new NullPointerException();
 5         int hash = hash(key);
 6         Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
 7         int binCount = 0;
 8         TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
 9         Node<K,V> old = null;
10         if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
11             (n = tab.length) == 0)
12             n = (tab = resize()).length;//table空間不足時擴展數組
13         if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {//hash值對應的下標在table內不爲空
14             if (first instanceof TreeNode)
15                 old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
16             else {
17                 Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
18                 do {
19                     if (e.hash == hash &&
20                         ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {//對箱式鏈表搜索key相等的結點
21                         old = e;
22                         break;
23                     }
24                     ++binCount;
25                 } while ((e = e.next) != null);
26             }
27             V oldValue;
28             if (old != null && (oldValue = old.value) != null) {//找到了key相等的結點且value不爲null
29                 afterNodeAccess(old);//LinkedHashMap方法
30                 return oldValue;//返回舊value值
31             }
32         }
33         V v = mappingFunction.apply(key);//根據function計算出新的v值
34         if (v == null) {
35             return null;//新的v值爲null則直接返回
36         } else if (old != null) {//找到了key相等的結點且value爲null,賦予新v值後返回新v值
37             old.value = v;
38             afterNodeAccess(old);
39             return v;
40         }
41         else if (t != null)
42             t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);//樹結點處理
43         else {
44             tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);//沒有找到key相等的結點,新建一個結點而且插入到鏈表頭部
45             if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
46                 treeifyBin(tab, hash);//若新增結點後鏈表長度達到了TREEIFY_THRESHOLD則轉爲樹
47         }
48         ++modCount;//該部分僅新增結點時執行
49         ++size;
50         afterNodeInsertion(true);
51         return v;
52     }
View Code

而後是兩個相近的方法:computeIfPresent存在key相等且value不爲null的結點,計算新的value值,新value不爲null則覆蓋,新value爲null則移除本來的結點。compute方法結合了前二者,存在key相等的結點時不考慮舊value值,新value爲null則移除,不爲null則覆蓋value值;不存在key相等的結點時,新value值不爲null則新增結點,對箱式鏈表插入到鏈表頭部,插入後要檢車是否須要轉爲樹。

 1     public V computeIfPresent(K key,
 2                               BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
 3         if (remappingFunction == null)
 4             throw new NullPointerException();
 5         Node<K,V> e; V oldValue;
 6         int hash = hash(key);
 7         if ((e = getNode(hash, key)) != null &&
 8             (oldValue = e.value) != null) {//存在key相等且value不爲null的結點
 9             V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
10             if (v != null) {
11                 e.value = v;//新value值不爲null則修改value值
12                 afterNodeAccess(e);
13                 return v;
14             }
15             else
16                 removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);//新value值爲null則移除這個結點
17         }
18         return null;
19     }
20 
21     @Override
22     public V compute(K key,
23                      BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
24         if (remappingFunction == null)
25             throw new NullPointerException();
26         int hash = hash(key);
27         Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
28         int binCount = 0;
29         TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
30         Node<K,V> old = null;
31         if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
32             (n = tab.length) == 0)
33             n = (tab = resize()).length;//table空間不足時調用resize
34         if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
35             if (first instanceof TreeNode)
36                 old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);//樹中尋找key相等的結點
37             else {
38                 Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
39                 do {
40                     if (e.hash == hash &&
41                         ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
42                         old = e;//找到了key相等的結點
43                         break;
44                     }
45                     ++binCount;
46                 } while ((e = e.next) != null);
47             }
48         }
49         V oldValue = (old == null) ? null : old.value;
50         V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
51         if (old != null) {
52             if (v != null) {
53                 old.value = v;//找到了key值相等的結點且新value不爲null則舊結點的value設爲新值
54                 afterNodeAccess(old);
55             }
56             else
57                 removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);//找到了key值相等的結點且新value爲null則移除舊結點
58         }
59         else if (v != null) {//沒有找到key值相等的結點且新value值不爲null
60             if (t != null)
61                 t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);//樹中插入新結點
62             else {
63                 tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);//新建結點插入到鏈表頭部
64                 if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
65                     treeifyBin(tab, hash);//新增後鏈表長度達到TREEIFY_THRESHOLD則轉爲樹
66             }
67             ++modCount;//僅新增結點時執行
68             ++size;
69             afterNodeInsertion(true);
70         }
71         return v;
72     }
View Code

merge這個方法和前面差很少,也是先尋找key值相同的結點,若存在則看該結點value是否爲null,不爲null根據function和參數中的value以及結點本來的value計算出新的value值,不然直接賦予參數中的value值。若沒有找到結點,則按照參數中key和value值新建一個結點插入到樹中或者箱式鏈表的頭部。

 1     public V merge(K key, V value,
 2                    BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
 3         if (value == null)
 4             throw new NullPointerException();
 5         if (remappingFunction == null)
 6             throw new NullPointerException();
 7         int hash = hash(key);
 8         Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
 9         int binCount = 0;
10         TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
11         Node<K,V> old = null;
12         if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
13             (n = tab.length) == 0)
14             n = (tab = resize()).length;//表空間不足時調用resize
15         if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
16             if (first instanceof TreeNode)
17                 old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);//尋找樹中key值相等的結點
18             else {
19                 Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
20                 do {
21                     if (e.hash == hash &&
22                         ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
23                         old = e;//尋找箱式鏈表中key值相等的結點
24                         break;
25                     }
26                     ++binCount;
27                 } while ((e = e.next) != null);
28             }
29         }
30         if (old != null) {//尋找到key值相等的結點
31             V v;
32             if (old.value != null)//舊值不爲null
33                 v = remappingFunction.apply(old.value, value);//根據remappingFunction和舊value和參數中的value計算出新的value值
34             else
35                 v = value;//舊值爲null則新value=參數中的value
36             if (v != null) {
37                 old.value = v;//計算出的新value值不爲null則覆蓋尋找到結點的value值
38                 afterNodeAccess(old);
39             }
40             else
41                 removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);//計算出的新value值爲null則移除找到的結點
42             return v;
43         }
44         if (value != null) {//沒有尋找到key相等的結點
45             if (t != null)
46                 t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);//樹中新增結點
47             else {
48                 tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, first);//新建結點插入到鏈表頭部
49                 if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
50                     treeifyBin(tab, hash);//新增結點後鏈表長度達到TREEIFY_THRESHOLD則轉爲樹
51             }
52             ++modCount;//新增結點後執行
53             ++size;
54             afterNodeInsertion(true);
55         }
56         return value;
57     }
View Code

兩個批量操做不難理解,一樣要保證過程當中沒有其餘線程修改了對象的元素個數

 1     public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) {
 2         Node<K,V>[] tab;
 3         if (action == null)
 4             throw new NullPointerException();
 5         if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
 6             int mc = modCount;
 7             for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
 8                 for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
 9                     action.accept(e.key, e.value);//對每一個結點執行對應的操做
10             }
11             if (modCount != mc)
12                 throw new ConcurrentModificationException();//有其餘線程修改了HashMap中的元素個數時拋錯
13         }
14     }
15     public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
16         Node<K,V>[] tab;
17         if (function == null)
18             throw new NullPointerException();
19         if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
20             int mc = modCount;
21             for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
22                 for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
23                     e.value = function.apply(e.key, e.value);
24                 }
25             }
26             if (modCount != mc)
27                 throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
28         }
29     }
View Code

HashMap實現了clone方法,能夠產生一個新的徹底同樣的HashMap

 1     public Object clone() {
 2         HashMap<K,V> result;
 3         try {
 4             result = (HashMap<K,V>)super.clone();//產生一個複製HashMap
 5         } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
 6             // 由於HashMap支持clone方法,應該不會拋出這個錯誤
 7             throw new InternalError(e);
 8         }
 9         result.reinitialize();//初始化參數值,全部集合數組都設爲null
10         result.putMapEntries(this, false);//將本來集合中的鍵值對都插入到新產生的Map中
11         return result;
12     }
View Code

capacity這個方法先看table是否爲null,不爲null直接返回table.length。而後看threshold是否爲0,不爲0返回threshold不然返回默認容量16

1     final int capacity() {
2         return (table != null) ? table.length :
3             (threshold > 0) ? threshold :
4             DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
5     }
View Code

HashMap的序列化方法一樣利用的是ObjectOutputStream

 1     private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
 2         throws IOException {
 3         int buckets = capacity();
 4         // 先寫入數組大小和集合內元素的個數
 5         s.defaultWriteObject();
 6         s.writeInt(buckets);
 7         s.writeInt(size);
 8         internalWriteEntries(s);
 9     }
10     // 只有writeObject會調用這個方法
11     void internalWriteEntries(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
12         Node<K,V>[] tab;
13         if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
14             for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {//遍歷整個數組,按照鏈表順序寫入key和value值
15                 for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
16                     s.writeObject(e.key);
17                     s.writeObject(e.value);
18                 }
19             }
20         }
21     }
View Code

序列化輸入是經過ObjectInputStreams,loadFactor必定會限制在0.25-4.0之間,而threshold是根據size/loadFactor + 1.0而後計算出大於等於該值的最小2的指數次冪。

 1     private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
 2         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
 3         // Read in the threshold (ignored), loadfactor, and any hidden stuff
 4         s.defaultReadObject();
 5         reinitialize();
 6         if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
 7             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
 8                                              loadFactor);
 9         s.readInt();                // 讀取數組大小
10         int mappings = s.readInt(); // 讀取元素個數
11         if (mappings < 0)
12             throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal mappings count: " +
13                                              mappings);
14         else if (mappings > 0) { // (if zero, use defaults)
15             // loadFactor必定在0.25-4.0之間
16             float lf = Math.min(Math.max(0.25f, loadFactor), 4.0f);
17             float fc = (float)mappings / lf + 1.0f;
18             int cap = ((fc < DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) ?
19                        DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY :
20                        (fc >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
21                        MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
22                        tableSizeFor((int)fc));//threshold的值在不超過範圍的狀況下設定爲剛好大於等於size/loadFactor + 1的2的指數
23             float ft = (float)cap * lf;
24             threshold = ((cap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
25                          (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
26             @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
27                 Node<K,V>[] tab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[cap];
28             table = tab;
29 
30             // Read the keys and values, and put the mappings in the HashMap
31             for (int i = 0; i < mappings; i++) {
32                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
33                     K key = (K) s.readObject();
34                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
35                     V value = (V) s.readObject();
36                 putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, false);//從輸入流中得去key和value值並經過putVal插入
37             }
38         }
39     }
View Code
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