開源虛擬機Bochs安裝以及踩坑

由於想要寫一個簡單的操做系統,因此須要安裝虛擬機來模擬出硬件,VMware不適合這個場景,由於會使用硬件級別的虛擬化,而bochs這個開源虛擬機,是用軟件虛擬了全部的硬件,因此調試能夠作到很是細的粒度,好比每次cpu執行命令,咱們均可以暫停,看寄存器狀態,看內存狀態,這對於操做系統開發調試的幫助太大太大了。因此咱們使用bochs這個虛擬機來。git

mac安裝bochs

個人當前環境是Mac 版本是10.15.3,記錄下安裝的過程和踩的坑。github

步驟:xcode

  • 安裝 sdl 庫,後續編譯會用到
brew install sdl複製代碼

  • 下載源碼而且解壓

下載地址:https://sourceforge.net/projects/bochs/files/latest/downloadapp

# 下載解壓
tar -xvf bochs-2.6.tar.gz
# configure 所須要的參數

./configure --enable-ne2000 \
            --enable-all-optimizations \
            --enable-cpu-level=6 \
            --enable-x86-64 \
            --enable-vmx=2 \
            --enable-pci \
            --enable-usb \
            --enable-usb-ohci \
            --enable-e1000 \
            --enable-debugger \
            --enable-disasm \
            --disable-debugger-gui \
            --with-sdl \
            --prefix=$HOME/opt/bochs
複製代碼

這裏的 prefix 參數指定了安裝的位置,修改爲本身想要的地址。工具

這裏出現了第一個問題:學習

問題1

報這個錯誤ui

cdrom_osx.cc:194:18: error: assigning to 'char ' from incompatible type 'const ch複製代碼

因而在網上查了一下,這個報錯有個補丁[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/formula-patches/e9b520dd4c/bochs/xcode9.patch],咱們找到這個文件而且修改源碼,這個文件在 `bochs-2.6/iodev/hdimage/cdrom_osx.cc`,咱們打開修改第 193 行spa

if ((devname = strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) {
改成:
if ((devname = (char *) strrchr(devpath, '/')) != NULL) {複製代碼

問題解決,咱們接着編譯。操作系統

make && make install複製代碼

問題二

這個時候報這個錯.net

config.cc:3261:55: error: ordered comparison between pointer and zero ('char *' and 'int')
    if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) {
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~
1 error generated.複製代碼

咱們打開config.cc,找到3621行,修改成

修改config.cc的3621行
if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>0) {
爲
if (SIM->get_param_string("model", base)->getptr()>(char *)0) {複製代碼

便可。

而後咱們再次編譯

make && make install複製代碼

此時便可正常編譯成功。

咱們能夠將 bochs 加入環境變量以便使用:

export BXSHARE="$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/share/bochs"
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/workplace/os/bochs/bin"複製代碼

Bochs使用

bochs的安裝目錄下的bochs/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt是配置文件的模板。咱們本身編寫一個簡單的配置文件來運行:

# 設置虛擬機內存爲32MB
megs: 32

# 設置BIOS鏡像
romimage: file=$BXSHARE/BIOS-bochs-latest 

# 設置VGA BIOS鏡像
vgaromimage: file=$BXSHARE/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest

# 設置從硬盤啓動
boot: disk

# 設置日誌文件
log: bochsout.txt

# 關閉鼠標
mouse: enabled=0

# 打開鍵盤
keyboard: type=mf, serial_delay=250

# 設置硬盤
ata0: enabled=1, ioaddr1=0x1f0, ioaddr2=0x3f0, irq=14

# 添加gdb遠程調試支持
gdbstub: enabled=1, port=1234, text_base=0, data_base=0, bss_base=0複製代碼

保存爲 bochsrc 。在該目錄運行命令執行:

➜  my_src git:(master) ✗ bochs
========================================================================
                        Bochs x86 Emulator 2.6
            Built from SVN snapshot on September 2nd, 2012
                  Compiled on Feb 11 2020 at 14:52:19
========================================================================
00000000000i[     ] reading configuration from bochsrc
00000000000p[     ] >>PANIC<< bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support
========================================================================
Bochs is exiting with the following message:
[     ] bochsrc:26: Bochs is not compiled with gdbstub support
========================================================================
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CPU is in real mode (active)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] CS.mode = 16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] SS.mode = 16 bit
00000000000i[CPU0 ] EFER   = 0x00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EAX=00000000  EBX=00000000  ECX=00000000  EDX=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | ESP=00000000  EBP=00000000  ESI=00000000  EDI=00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | IOPL=0 id vip vif ac vm rf nt of df if tf sf ZF af PF cf
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | SEG sltr(index|ti|rpl)     base    limit G D
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  CS:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  DS:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  SS:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  ES:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  FS:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] |  GS:0000( 0000| 0|  0) 00000000 00000000 0 0
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | EIP=00000000 (00000000)
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR0=0x00000000 CR2=0x00000000
00000000000i[CPU0 ] | CR3=0x00000000 CR4=0x00000000
bx_dbg_read_linear: physical memory read error (phy=0x0000000000000000, lin=0x0000000000000000)
00000000000i[CTRL ] quit_sim called with exit code 1複製代碼

此時咱們便成功運行了一個虛擬機。

模擬硬盤

bochs提供了一個建立虛擬硬盤的工具 bximage,提供了交互的方式建立虛擬硬盤,咱們來作一下:

➜  my_src git:(master) ✗ bximage
========================================================================
                                bximage
                  Disk Image Creation Tool for Bochs
          $Id: bximage.c 11315 2012-08-05 18:13:38Z vruppert $
========================================================================

Do you want to create a floppy disk image or a hard disk image?
Please type hd or fd. [hd] // 回車,新建硬盤

What kind of image should I create?
Please type flat, sparse or growing. [flat]    // 回車,flat硬盤

Enter the hard disk size in megabytes, between 1 and 8257535
[10] 10    // 10MB大小硬盤

I will create a 'flat' hard disk image with
  cyl=20
  heads=16
  sectors per track=63
  total sectors=20160
  total size=9.84 megabytes

What should I name the image?
[c.img] hd10m.img    // 名稱

Writing: [] Done.

I wrote 10321920 bytes to hd10m.img.

The following line should appear in your bochsrc:
  ata0-master: type=disk, path="hd10m.img", mode=flat, cylinders=20, heads=16, spt=63
➜  my_src git:(master) ✗ ls
bochsrc   hd10m.img複製代碼

好了,環境配置到此結束,咱們以後將學習如何編寫啓動信息。

歡迎訪問個人博客和github(https://github.com/veeupup)!

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