Python安裝Mysql驅動出錯解決(最新出爐)

Python中最鏈接Mysql經常使用的驅動是

mysql-python ：mysql的C語言的驅動
mysql-connector：msql官方的驅動
pymysql：python語言的驅動

我這裏安裝的是 mysql-python

終端中執行

pip install mysql-python

運氣好的的話，直接就成功了，我遇到了一下問題，最終找到了解決方案，緣由及解決方案以下，供參考

問題1：mysql_config not found

終端打印出：

Collecting mysql-python
  Downloading MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 110kB 30kB/s 
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    sh: mysql_config: command not found
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
      File "/private/tmp/pip-build-NP8J3v/mysql-python/	setup.py", line 17, in <module>
        metadata, options = get_config()
      File "setup_posix.py", line 43, in get_config
        libs = mysql_config("libs_r")
      File "setup_posix.py", line 25, in mysql_config
        raise EnvironmentError("%s not found" % 	(mysql_config.path,))
    EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found

----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-NP8J3v/mysql-python

解決方法，執行：

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/local/bin/mysql_config

緣由
找不到mysql_config通常是因爲經過lnmp.org或者其餘方式安裝mysql之後mysql_config是在/usr/local/mysql/bin/裏面，這裏面的文件不是在任意位置均可以訪問的，而指令是

將mysql_config連接到/usr/local/bin目錄下

參考一條命令解決mysql_config not found

問題2：image not found python

出錯信息爲：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 4, in <module>
    from  models import User
  File "/Users/tengfei/PycharmProjects/mysql/models.py", line 1, in <module>
    import  MySQLdb
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
    import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
  Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so
  Reason: image not found

解決：

pip install --upgrade pip

修改 OS X 環境變量：打開終端，在終端中使用 vim 打開 「~/.bash_profile」，若是沒有安裝 vim，那就顯示隱藏文件用文本編輯器打開，具體操做這裏就不復述了。在 .bash_profile 中添加如下內容

PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib/
export VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_64_BIT=no
export VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_32_BIT=yes

其中 VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_64_BIT 和 VERSIONER_PYTHON_PREFER_64_BIT 根據本身安裝的 MySQL 進行選擇。

參考：

MySQLdb（即 MySQL-python 包）在 OS X 中安裝指南

Solving Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib when importing MySQLdb on Lion

Mac OS + MySQL-python-1.2.3: ImportError | Library not loaded | libmysqlclient.16.dylib

問題3：command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1 異常解決

執行pip install mysql-python後的出錯信息以下：
這是在虛擬環境中見到的
^
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command "/home/tengfei/api01/test/TestTo/TODO-orm/venv/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w6mp1W/mysql-python/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-jG7EKf-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/tengfei/api01/test/TestTo/TODO-orm/venv/include/site/python2.7/mysql-python" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-w6mp1W/mysql-python/

緣由是：一些依賴包沒有安裝，注意這也是不少實用pip執行安裝擴展的時候，常見的錯誤

apt-get build-dep python-lxml

sudo pip install lxml --upgrade

pip install mysql-python

參考：[Ubuntu/pip] 解決 pip 安裝 lxml 出現 x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc 異常