yum更換國內源、yum下載rpm包、源碼包安裝

時間 2019-12-18

標籤 yum 更換內源下載 rpm 源碼安裝欄目 Unix 简体版

原文原文鏈接

更換yum倉庫源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
rm -f dvd.repo
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 或者
curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum list

刪除以前咱們設置的本地源dvd.repolinux

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# rm dvd.repo
rm：是否刪除普通文件 "dvd.repo"？y

將以前備份的文件拷貝到yum.repos下apache

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/* ./
[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

CentOS-Base.repo 這個配置文件就是咱們要設置的網絡源，先將它備份一下。vim

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo Centos-Base.repo.bak

下載一個163的yum源，由於以前將CentOS-Base.repo重命名了，使用wget下載須要安裝wget包，可是咱們這個時候yum是沒辦法安裝wget包的，因此能夠curl –O 來下載：centos

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   7651      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  7820

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

編輯看下配置文件緩存

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo 

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

清理以前本地yum緩存

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加載插件：fastestmirror
正在清理軟件源： base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

2.yum list //生成yum緩存網絡

3.安裝zsh包架構

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh
已加載插件：fastestmirror
base                                                                                                                                        | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                     | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                               | 156 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                           | 185 kB  00:00:01     
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                          | 6.9 MB  00:00:04     
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                             | 5.7 MB  00:00:11     
Determining fastest mirrors
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

===================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                            架構                                  版本                                           源                                   大小
===================================================================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 zsh                                x86_64                                5.0.2-28.el7                                   base                                2.4 M

事務概要
===================================================================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：2.4 M
安裝大小：5.6 M
Downloading packages:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                 | 2.4 MB  00:00:04     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安裝    : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/1 
  驗證中      : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/1 

已安裝:
  zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7                                                                                                                                        

完畢！

安裝擴展源epel

yum install -y epel-release

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

====================================================================================
 Package                 架構              版本             源                 大小
====================================================================================
正在安裝:
 epel-release            noarch            7-9              extras             14 k

事務概要
====================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：14 k
安裝大小：24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm                                  |  14 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安裝    : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                         1/1 
  驗證中      : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                         1/1 

已安裝:
  epel-release.noarch 0:7-9                                                         

完畢！
[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo      epel.repo##多出來了這個epel.repo源
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo    epel-testing.repo
[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo 
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

[epel-debuginfo]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch/debug
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1

[epel-source]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/SRPMS
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
gpgcheck=1

yum list |grep epel

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel |tail -10
zsh-lovers.noarch                         0.9.0-1.el7                  epel     
zstd.x86_64                               1.3.4-1.el7                  epel     
zulucrypt.x86_64                          5.0.1-1.el7                  epel     
zulucrypt-console.x86_64                  5.0.1-1.el7                  epel     
zulucrypt-devel.x86_64                    5.0.1-1.el7                  epel     
zulucrypt-doc.noarch                      5.0.1-1.el7                  epel     
zulucrypt-libs.x86_64                     5.0.1-1.el7                  epel     
zvbi.x86_64                               0.2.35-1.el7                 epel     
zvbi-devel.x86_64                         0.2.35-1.el7                 epel     
zvbi-fonts.noarch                         0.2.35-1.el7                 epel

yum下載rpm包

yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly
ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路徑
yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路徑

有時候咱們須要下載rpm包，而僅僅是複製給其餘機器使用，yum工具安裝rpm包時，首先下載這個rpm包，而後再去安裝，因此咱們能夠作到只下載而不安裝。less

1. 下載rpm包而不安裝的命令以下：# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 2ping.noarch.0.3.2.1-2.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

====================================================================================
 Package          架構              版本                      源               大小
====================================================================================
正在安裝:
 2ping            noarch            3.2.1-2.el7               epel             62 k

事務概要
====================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：62 k
安裝大小：204 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.1317.tmp:  頭V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密鑰 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.1317.tmp 的公鑰還沒有安裝
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                 |  62 kB  00:00:00     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

yum默認下載到/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/XXX/packages/ 下面；這裏的XXX指的是base，updates，epel等，它跟yum list最右側的字符串一致。curl

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm

2. 下載到指定的目錄下：--downloaddir=目錄

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm

若是已經安裝過的包使用—downloadnoly就不起做用了，他會提示這個包已經安裝過了，根本下載不下來：工具

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
軟件包 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64 已安裝而且是最新版本
無須任何處理

3. 若是就是想下載已經安裝過過的RPM包，使用命令reinstall

[root@yong-02 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加載插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-2.el7 將被 已從新安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

=========================================================================================================================
 Package                        架構                     版本                               源                      大小
=========================================================================================================================
從新安裝:
 vim-enhanced                   x86_64                   2:7.4.160-2.el7                    base                   1.0 M

事務概要
=========================================================================================================================
從新安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量：1.0 M
安裝大小：2.2 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                             | 1.0 MB  00:00:01     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

源碼包安裝

cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz ，tar -jxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 ，tar -zxvf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
先編譯安裝apr和apr-util
cd httpd-2.4.33
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
make&&make install

解包後，咱們開始安裝前要查看 INSTALL ；REDME 兩個安裝指導文件，查看怎麼安裝，安裝源碼包一般有3個步驟:
./configure //這一步能夠定製功能，./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 定義安裝目錄
make //編譯成電腦識別的二進制文件
make install //用於建立相關軟件的存放目錄和配置文件

下載源碼包

注意：將源碼包移動到/usr/local/src 下；約定，將源碼包都放在這個文件下

[root@yong-02 src]# wget wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
[root@yong-02 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@yong-02 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

查看下載的包及解壓縮

[root@yong-02 src]# ls
apr-1.6.3         apr-util-1.6.1          httpd-2.4.33
apr-1.6.3.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz

1 進行編譯：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

[root@yong-02 httpd-2.4.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

注意： checking for gcc... no；沒有安裝gcc編譯器

編譯可能出現的報錯：

須要編譯安裝apr 進去cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.3/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr make&&make install

再次進入cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.33/ 進行編譯

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

缺乏APR-util,繼續編譯安裝

cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

make && make install

安裝 yum install expat-devel

yum install -y gcc
yum install -y pcre-devel

在繼續編譯apache ,出現如下提示說明編譯成功。

驗證編譯是否成功命令：echo $?,返回值0，說明沒有問題。

[root@yong-02 httpd-2.4.33]# echo $?
0

2 進行安裝：make && make install

[root@yong-02 httpd-2.4.33]# make && make install

執行完後能夠echo $？ ,0表示正常

[root@yong-02 httpd-2.4.33]# echo $?
0

查看apache2目錄到此成功安裝了apache

[root@yong-02 httpd-2.4.33]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs  man  manual  modules

擴展
1. 配置yum源優先級 http://ask.apelearn.com/question/7168
2. 把源碼包打包成rpm包 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-09/70096.htm

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