publisher-confirms,實現一個監聽器用於監聽Broker端給咱們返回的確認請求:RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback
java
publisher-returns,保證消息對Broker端是可達的,若是出現路由鍵不可達的狀況,則使用監聽器對不可達的消息進行後續的處理,保證消息的路由成功:RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback
git
注意一點,在發送消息的時候對template進行配置mandatory=true保證監聽有效
生產端還能夠配置其餘屬性,好比發送重試,超時時間,次數,間隔等github
pom.xml面試
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.cp</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-producer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springboot-producer</name> <description>springboot-producer</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
RabbitSender.java 消息生產者spring
@Component public class RabbitSender { //自動注入RabbitTemplate模板類 @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //回調函數: confirm確認 final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData); System.err.println("ack: " + ack); if(!ack){ //能夠進行日誌記錄、異常處理、補償處理等 System.err.println("異常處理...."); }else { //更新數據庫,可靠性投遞機制 } } }; //回調函數: return返回 final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() { @Override public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) { System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText); } }; //發送消息方法調用: 構建Message消息 public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception { MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties); Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs); rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); //id + 時間戳 全局惟一 用於ack保證惟一一條消息,這邊作測試寫死一個。可是在作補償策略的時候,必須保證這是全局惟一的消息 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData); } }
application.properties數據庫
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=localhost:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/vhost_cp spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
添加Exchange
apache
添加Queue
編程
Exchange綁定Queue
springboot
修改routingKey,springboot改成spring,則進入的是returnCallback方法微信
這時候咱們發現報錯了
correlationData: CorrelationData [id=1234567890] ack: false 異常處理....
這是因爲咱們在測試方法中進行測試,當測試方法結束,rabbitmq相關的資源也就關閉了,雖然咱們的消息發送出去,但異步的ConfirmCallback卻因爲資源關閉而出現了上面的問題。
加入Thread.sleep()便可解決。
@Test public void testSender1() throws Exception { Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>(); properties.put("number", "12345"); properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date())); rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties); Thread.sleep(2000); }
成功解決~
消費端核心配置:
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
首先配置手工確認模式,用於ACK的手工處理,這樣咱們能夠保證消息的可靠性送達,或者再消費端消費失敗的時候能夠作到重回隊列(不建議)、根據業務記錄日誌等處理。
能夠設置消費端的監聽個數和最大個數,用於監控消費端的併發狀況
@RabbitListener註解使用
好比在方法onMessage上加@RabbitListener註解,同時須要加另一個註解@RabbitHandler,代碼被消費者監聽。
創建綁定,在Value上寫上隊列,設置Exchange,是否持久化,設置Exchange的類型、表達式設置爲true以及路由key。經過這種簡單的方式,就能夠完成以前很複雜的代碼邏輯。同時建議將配置放入到配置文件中,動態獲取。若是mq中沒有相應的隊列、Exchange等,註解聲明也能夠建立它們,你們能夠自行測試!
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.cp</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-consumer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springboot-consumer</name> <description>springboot-consumer</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
RabbitReceiver.java 消息生產者
@Component public class RabbitReceiver { @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = "queue-1", durable="true"), exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1", durable="true", type= "topic", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"), key = "springboot.*" ) ) @RabbitHandler public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception { System.err.println("--------------------------------------"); System.err.println("消費端Payload: " + message.getPayload()); Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); //手工ACK,獲取deliveryTag channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); } }
application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=localhost:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=user_cp spring.rabbitmq.password=123456 spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/vhost_cp spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
運行Application,查看以前在生產端發送的消息,是否能被消費。
打印結果
這裏以前因爲我測試的時候多發了消息,因此消費的時候會有這麼多。
@Payload:指定具體的消息體Body。
@Headers: 獲取Headers。
一、先定義一個Order對象
public class Order implements Serializable { private String id; private String name; public Order() { } public Order(String id, String name) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
注意:咱們在傳輸對象的時候,必須序列化。不然會傳輸失敗。
二、RabbitReceiver添加監聽
/** * * spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.* * @param order * @param channel * @param headers * @throws Exception */ @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"), exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"), key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}" ) ) @RabbitHandler public void onOrderMessage(@Payload com.cp.springboot.entity.Order order, Channel channel, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception { System.err.println("--------------------------------------"); System.err.println("消費端order: " + order.getId()); Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); //手工ACK channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); }
已經將配置寫入到了application.properties中,進行動態獲取。也能夠像咱們公司同樣放入到配置中心當中。例如:攜程開源配置中心Apollo
三、application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
一、一樣是一個Order對象,必須跟消費端的保持一致。
二、RabbitSender添加發送消息
//發送消息方法調用: 構建自定義對象消息 public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception { rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); //id + 時間戳 全局惟一 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData); }
三、添加測試方法
@Test public void testSender2() throws Exception { Order order = new Order("001", "第一個訂單"); rabbitSender.sendOrder(order); //防止資源提早關閉,ConfirmCallback異步回調失敗 Thread.sleep(2000); }
運行testSender2()方法。
生產端打印消息
消費端打印消息
至此,RabbitMQ整合SpringBoot完畢,在實際工做中,使用場景也是差很少的。
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參考文章:
《RabbitMQ消息中間件精講》
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