Ubantu下部署Flask項目安裝與配置

1.nginx

安裝

sudo apt-get install nginx 

啓動,中止和重啓

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart 

或者css

sudo service nginx start sudo service nginx stop sudo service nginx restart 

2. uWSGI安裝

用蟒蛇的PIP安裝最簡單:html

sudo apt-get install python-dev #不安裝這個,下面的安裝可能會失敗 sudo pip install uwsgi 

3.基於uWSGI和nginx部署Django

1.原理

基於nginx的和uwsgi部署的Django後,從客戶端發起請求到服務器響應請求,會通過一下幾個環節:python

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django 

2.基本測試

測試uWSGI是否正常

在Django的項目的根目錄下建立test.py文件,添加源碼以下:nginx

# test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return ["Hello World"] # python2 #return [b"Hello World"] # python3 

而後,運行uWSGI:git

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py 

參數含義:github

  • http :8000:使用http協議,8000端口
  • wsgi-file test.py:加載指定文件test.py

打開下面的網址,瀏覽器上應該顯示hello worldweb

http://example.com:8000 

若是顯示正確,說明下面3個環節是通暢的:sql

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python 

測試Django的項目是否正常

首先確保項目自己是正常的:django

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 

若是沒問題,使用uWSGI把項目拉起來:瀏覽器

uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi 
  • module mysite.wsgi:加載wsgi模塊

若是項目可以正常被拉起,說明如下環節是通的:

the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django 

3.配置nginx的

安裝nginx的完成後,若是能正常打開http://hostname,說明下面環節是通暢的:

the web client <-> the web server 

增長nginx的配置

  • uwsgi_params文件拷貝產品到項目文件夾數下,uwsgi_params文件在/etc/nginx/目錄下,能夠也。從這個頁面下載
  • 在項目文件夾下建立文件mysite_nginx.conf,填入並修改下面內容:
# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) } # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN charset utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } } 

這個配置文件告訴nginx的從文件系統中拉起媒體和靜態文件做爲服務,同時相應的django的請求

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下建立³³本。文件的鏈接,使nginx的可以使用它:

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ 

部署靜態文件

在Django中的設置文件中,添加下面一行內容:

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/") 

而後運行:

python manage.py collectstatic 

測試nginx的

首先重啓nginx的服務:

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart 

而後檢查media文件是否已經正常拉起:在目錄/path/to/your/project/project/media directory下添加文件meida.png,而後訪問http://example.com:8000/media/media.png,成功後進行下一步測試。

4.nginx和uWSGI以及test.py

執行下面代碼測試可否讓nginx的在頁面上顯示hello, world

uwsgi --socket :8001 --wsgi-file test.py 

訪問http://example.com:8000,若是顯示hello world,則下面環節是否通暢:

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uWSGI <-> Python 

用UNIX socket取代TCP端口

mysite_nginx.conf作以下修改:

server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first) 

重啓nginx的,並在此運行uWSGI

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py 

打開http://example.com:8000/,看看是否成功

若是沒有成功:

檢查nginx錯誤日誌(/var/log/nginx/error.log)。若是錯誤以下:

connect() to unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock failed (13: Permission denied) 

添加插座權限再次運行:

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=666 # (very permissive) 

要麼

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --wsgi-file test.py --chmod-socket=664 # (more sensible) 

5.使用uswgi和nginx運行Django應用程序

若是上面一切都顯示正常,則下面命令能夠拉起django應用

uwsgi --socket mysite.sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664 

配置uWSGI以使用.ini文件運行

每次都運行上面命令拉起django application實在麻煩,使用.ini文件能簡化工做,方法以下:

在應用程序目錄下建立文件mysite_uwsgi.ini,填入並修改下面內容:

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file [uwsgi] # Django-related settings # the base directory (full path) chdir = /path/to/your/project # Django's wsgi file module = project.wsgi # the virtualenv (full path) home = /path/to/virtualenv # process-related settings # master master = true # maximum number of worker processes processes = 10 # the socket (use the full path to be safe socket = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed # chmod-socket = 664 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true 

如今,只要執行如下命令,就可以拉起django應用程序:

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini # the --ini option is used to specify a file 

在系統引導時使uWSGI啓動

編輯文件/etc/rc.local,添加下面內容到這行代碼以前exit 0

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --socket /path/to/mysite.sock --module /path/to/mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=666 

uWSGI的更多配置

env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings # set an environment variable pidfile = /tmp/project-master.pid # create a pidfile harakiri = 20 # respawn processes taking more than 20 seconds limit-as = 128 # limit the project to 128 MB max-requests = 5000 # respawn processes after serving 5000 requests daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi/yourproject.log # background the process & log
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