Mysql密碼設置、數據庫鏈接及經常使用命令
本文索引：mysql
- 設置更改root密碼
- 鏈接MySQL
- MySQL經常使用命令
設置更改root密碼
要進行mysql數據庫操做，須要啓動mysql服務，執行ps aux進行查看linux
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 1908 0.0 0.1 115392 1696 ? S 13:20 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid mysql 2156 0.1 30.3 1301048 460788 ? Sl 13:20 0:06 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid root 8402 0.0 0.0 112684 976 pts/0 S+ 14:45 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
要想直接執行mysql命令，將/usr/local/mysql/bin加入到環境變量PATH；sql
# 臨時生效 [root@localhost ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin # 永久生效 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile 在最後一行追加 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin 保存退出 [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
- 初始狀態，無密碼便可登陸
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 設置mysql數據庫的用戶密碼
[root@localhost etc]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. # 這裏的warning不用關心 # 使用新設置的密碼登陸 [root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
修改密碼
- 密碼已知的狀況下修改
[root@localhost etc]# mysqladmin -u root -p"123456" password "654321" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. # 使用修改後的密碼登陸 [root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 10 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 密碼未知的狀況下修改
- 修改mysql配置文件
# 這裏是/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf [root@localhost etc]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf # 在mysqld塊內添加一行代碼 skip-grant //忽略受權
- 直接登陸成功
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
- 修改權限
# 切換數據庫
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
# 設置密碼，這裏的密碼會以加密的顯示存在mysql數據庫內
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
- 刪除配置文件內的skip-grant，
[root@localhost etc]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf # 刪除skip-grant，保存退出
- 最後重啓服務
[root@localhost etc]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
- 成功登陸
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
鏈接MySQL
經常使用的鏈接mysql的命令數據庫
- 鏈接本機
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 鏈接遠程
# -h指定遠程ip，-P指定端口 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 使用sock鏈接
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -S/tmp/mysql.sock Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 只執行命令不登陸（適合腳本）
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+
MySQL經常使用命令
- 查詢庫
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 切換庫
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
- 查看庫裏的表
mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看庫裏的字段
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看建表語句
# \G將顯示的凌亂內容規整，加了\G就不須要加;了
mysql> show create table user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
`max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password',
`authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
`password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看當前用戶
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看當前使用的數據庫
# 剛登陸時未選擇數據庫，查看的結果爲null mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 切換過數據庫後顯示的是切換的數據庫名 mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | mysql | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 建立庫
mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在輸入的mysql指令前加#，該條指令將不會執行vim
- 建立表
mysql> use db1; Database changed mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) # 還能夠在建立時指定搜索引擎和子符編碼 # 先要刪除t1表 mysql> drop tables t1; mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show create table t1; +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL, `name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- 查看當前數據庫版本
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看數據庫狀態
mysql> show status; +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ | Aborted_clients | 0 | | Aborted_connects | 2 | | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_cache_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 | | Bytes_received | 466 | | Bytes_sent | 45143 | | Com_admin_commands | 0 | | Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 | | Com_alter_db | 0 | | Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 | | Com_alter_event | 0 | | Com_alter_function | 0 | | Com_alter_procedure | 0 | | Com_alter_server | 0 | | Com_alter_table | 0 | | Com_alter_tablespace | 0 | | Com_alter_user | 0 | | Com_analyze | 0 | | Com_begin | 0 | | Com_binlog | 0 | | Com_call_procedure | 0 | | Com_change_db | 1 | | Com_change_master | 0 | | Com_check | 0 | | Com_checksum | 0 | | Com_commit | 0 | | Com_create_db | 0 | | Com_create_event | 0 | | Com_create_function | 0 | | Com_create_index | 0 | | Com_create_procedure | 0 | | Com_create_server | 0 | | Com_create_table | 0 | | Com_create_trigger | 0 | | Com_create_udf | 0 | | Com_create_user | 0 | | Com_create_view | 0 | | Com_dealloc_sql | 0 | | Com_delete | 0 | | Com_delete_multi | 0 | | Com_do | 0 | | Com_drop_db | 0 | | Com_drop_event | 0 | | Com_drop_function | 0 | ...
- 查看各參數
mysql> show variables\G
Variable_name: updatable_views_with_limit
Value: YES
*************************** 448. row ***************************
Variable_name: version
Value: 5.6.36
*************************** 449. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_comment
Value: MySQL Community Server (GPL)
*************************** 450. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_machine
Value: x86_64
*************************** 451. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_os
Value: linux-glibc2.5
*************************** 452. row ***************************
Variable_name: wait_timeout
Value: 28800
*************************** 453. row ***************************
Variable_name: warning_count
Value: 0
453 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 按指定名稱來匹配
mysql> show variables like "max_connection%";
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151 |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改參數
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # %表示匹配任意字符 # 這裏能夠看到參數已經變爲修改後的1000了。 mysql> show variables like "max_connect%"; +--------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------+-------+ | max_connect_errors | 1000 | | max_connections | 151 | +--------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 查看隊列
# 能夠查看當前使用用戶、數據庫，進行的操做等 mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 6 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show full processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ | 6 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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