本節的內容是用戶註冊時,將郵箱地址先存入rabbitmq隊列,以後返回給用戶註冊成功;以後消息隊列的接收者從隊列中獲取消息,發送郵件給用戶。html
1、RabbitMQ介紹java
若是以前對rabbitmq不瞭解,推薦先看一下RabbitMQ Quick(快速手冊)。git
一、rabbitmq在mac上的安裝。github
二、rabbitmq簡單介紹。spring
生產者: 負責發送消息到Exchange。服務器
Exchange: 按照必定的策略,負責將消息存入到指定的隊列。socket
隊列queue: 負責保存消息。ui
消費者: 負責從隊列中提取消息。this
binding: 負責Exchange和隊列的關聯映射,Exchange和queue是多對多的關係。spa
2、RabbitMQ在Spring中的實現
一、引入依賴包。
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-amqp</artifactId> <version>1.6.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId> <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId> <version>1.6.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
二、rabbitmq配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--一、配置鏈接工廠, 若是不配置host, port, username, passowrd, 則按默認值localhost:5672, guest/guest--> <!--<connection-factory id="connectionFactory" />--> <connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="localhost" port="5672" username="everSeeker" password="333" /> <!--二、配置隊列queue, Exchange, 以及將他們結合在一塊兒的binding--> <!--在queue以及exchange中, 有一個重要的屬性durable, 默認爲true, 能夠防止宕機後數據丟失。--> <!--在listener-container中, 有acknowledge屬性, 默認爲auto, 即消費者成功處理消息後必須有個應答, 若是消費者程序發生異常或者宕機, 消息會被從新放回隊列--> <admin connection-factory="connectionFactory" /> <queue id="userAlertEmailQueue" name="user.alerts.email" durable="true" /> <queue id="userAlertCellphoneQueue" name="user.alerts.cellphone" /> <!--durable默認爲true--> <!--標準的AMQP Exchange有4種: Direct, Topic, Headers, Fanout, 根據實際須要選擇。--> <!--Direct: 若是消息的routing key與bingding的routing key直接匹配的話, 消息將會路由到該隊列上。--> <!--Topic: 若是消息的routing key與bingding的routing key符合通配符匹配的話, 消息將會路由到該隊列上。--> <!--Headers: 若是消息參數表中的頭信息和值都與binding參數表中相匹配, 消息將會路由到該隊列上。--> <!--Fanout: 無論消息的routing key和參數表的頭信息/值是什麼, 消息將會路由到該隊列上。--> <direct-exchange name="user.alert.email.exchange" durable="true"> <bindings> <binding queue="user.alerts.email" /> <!--默認的routing key與隊列的名稱相同--> </bindings> </direct-exchange> <direct-exchange name="user.alert.cellphone.exchange"> <bindings> <binding queue="user.alerts.cellphone" /> </bindings> </direct-exchange> <!--三、配置RabbitTemplate發送消息--> <template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory" /> <!--四、配置監聽器容器和監聽器來接收消息--> <beans:bean id="userListener" class="com.everSeeker.alerts.UserAlertHandler" /> <listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto"> <listener ref="userListener" method="handleUserAlertToEmail" queues="userAlertEmailQueue" /> <listener ref="userListener" method="handleUserAlertToCellphone" queues="userAlertCellphoneQueue" /> </listener-container> </beans:beans>
若是配置connection-factory時,採用默認的guest/guest帳號密碼時,有可能會出現org.springframework.amqp.AmqpAuthenticationException: com.rabbitmq.client.AuthenticationFailureException: ACCESS_REFUSED - Login was refused using authentication mechanism PLAIN. For details see the broker logfile.的錯誤提示,解決辦法是新建一個管理員權限的用戶,並容許訪問虛擬主機。步驟以下:
一、打開http://localhost:15672/ 二、Admin ——> Users, 新建用戶,administrator權限。 三、Virtual Hosts,設置新建用戶容許訪問。
三、生產者發送消息到exchange。
@Service("userAlertService") public class UserAlertServiceImpl implements UserAlertService { private RabbitTemplate rabbit; @Autowired public UserAlertServiceImpl(RabbitTemplate rabbit) { this.rabbit = rabbit; } public void sendUserAlertToEmail(User user) { //convertAndSend(String exchange, String routingKey, Object object), 將對象object封裝成Message對象後, 發送給exchange rabbit.convertAndSend("user.alert.email.exchange", "user.alerts.email", user); } }
四、配置消費者來接收消息。
public class UserAlertHandler { public void handleUserAlertToEmail(User user) { System.out.println(user); }
3、經過javax.mail來發送郵件
一、引入依賴包。
<dependency> <groupId>javax.mail</groupId> <artifactId>mail</artifactId> <version>1.4.7</version> </dependency>
二、配置郵件服務器信息。
@Bean public MailSender mailSender(Environment env) { JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); //若是爲普通郵箱, 非ssl認證等, 好比163郵箱 mailSender.setHost(env.getProperty("mailserver.host")); mailSender.setPort(Integer.parseInt(env.getProperty("mailserver.port"))); mailSender.setUsername(env.getProperty("mailserver.username")); mailSender.setPassword(env.getProperty("mailserver.password")); mailSender.setDefaultEncoding("utf-8"); //若是郵件服務器採用了ssl認證, 增長如下配置, 好比gmail郵箱, qq郵箱 Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class","javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); mailSender.setJavaMailProperties(props); return mailSender; }
三、發送郵件。
@Component("userMailService") public class UserMailServiceImpl implements UserMailService { private MailSender mailSender; @Autowired public UserMailServiceImpl(MailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void sendSimpleUserMail(String to, User user) { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setFrom("xxxxxxxx@qq.com"); message.setTo(to); message.setSubject(user.getUsername() + "信息確認"); message.setText(user.toString()); mailSender.send(message); } }
四、消費者調用發送郵件方法便可。
一、參考文獻:Spring實戰(第4版)。
二、完整代碼在github,地址:https://github.com/everseeker0307/spring-demo。