導讀 | 本教程教你如何使用Java實現異步調用。 |
1、建立線程html
@Test public void test0() throws Exception { System.out.println("main函數開始執行"); Thread thread=new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("===task start==="); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("===task finish==="); } }); thread.start(); System.out.println("main函數執行結束"); }
2、Futurejava
jdk8以前的實現方式,在JUC下增長了Future,從字面意思理解就是將來的意思,但使用起來卻着實有點雞肋,並不能實現真正意義上的異步,獲取結果時須要阻塞線程,或者不斷輪詢。linux
@Test public void test1() throws Exception { System.out.println("main函數開始執行"); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1); Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Integer>() { @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { System.out.println("===task start==="); Thread.sleep(5000); System.out.println("===task finish==="); return 3; } }); //這裏須要返回值時會阻塞主線程,若是不須要返回值使用是OK的。倒也還能接收 //Integer result=future.get(); System.out.println("main函數執行結束"); System.in.read(); }
3、CompletableFuturespring
使用原生的CompletableFuture實現異步操做,加上對lambda的支持,能夠說實現異步任務已經發揮到了極致。異步
@Test public void test2() throws Exception { System.out.println("main函數開始執行"); ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); CompletableFuture<Integer> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<Integer>() { @Override public Integer get() { System.out.println("===task start==="); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("===task finish==="); return 3; } }, executor); future.thenAccept(e -> System.out.println(e)); System.out.println("main函數執行結束"); }
4、Spring的Async註解async
使用spring實現異步須要開啓註解,能夠使用xml方式或者Java config的方式。ide
xml方式:函數
<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" /> <task:executor id="executor" pool-size="2" 線程池的大小 queue-capacity="100" 排隊隊列長度 keep-alive="120" 線程保活時間(單位秒) rejection-policy="CALLER_RUNS" 對拒絕的任務處理策略 />
java方式:.net
@EnableAsync public class MyConfig { @Bean public TaskExecutor executor(){ ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor=new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); executor.setCorePoolSize(10); //核心線程數 executor.setMaxPoolSize(20); //最大線程數 executor.setQueueCapacity(1000); //隊列大小 executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //線程最大空閒時間 executor.setThreadNamePrefix("fsx-Executor-"); //指定用於新建立的線程名稱的前綴。 executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); return executor; } }
(1)@Async線程
@Test public void test3() throws Exception { System.out.println("main函數開始執行"); myService.longtime(); System.out.println("main函數執行結束"); } @Async public void longtime() { System.out.println("我在執行一項耗時任務"); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("完成"); }
(2)AsyncResult
若是須要返回值,耗時方法返回值用AsyncResult包裝。
@Test public void test4() throws Exception { System.out.println("main函數開始執行"); Future future=myService.longtime2(); System.out.println("main函數執行結束"); System.out.println("異步執行結果:"+future.get()); } @Async public Future longtime2() { System.out.println("我在執行一項耗時任務"); try { Thread.sleep(8000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("完成"); return new AsyncResult<>(3); }