python實戰----博客系統(完善)
上一篇‘博客系統’的博客尚未實現評論，按標籤搜索、按日期搜索、按分類搜索的功能，這篇博客主要是對以上功能的增長。html
增添評論
第一步：新建app:comment，在主setting.py中添加新app,修改主urls.py文件數據庫
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'',include('blog.urls')),
url(r'',include('comments.urls')),
]
第二步：編寫評論的數據庫表單django
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from blog.models import Post
class Comment(models.Model):
user =models.ForeignKey(User,verbose_name='用戶')
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='電子郵箱')
text = models.TextField(max_length=255,verbose_name='評論正文')
# auto_now_add=True 自動create_time爲最新一次更改評論信息的時間
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name='建立時間')
post = models.ForeignKey(Post)
class Meta:
verbose_name = '評論'
verbose_name_plural = '評論'
def __str__(self):
return self.text[:4]
第三步：編寫評論的路由comment.urls.py和comment.views.pymarkdown
# comment.views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404,redirect
# Create your views here.
from blog.models import Post
from comments.forms import CommentForm
def post_comment(request, id):
# 1. 獲取用戶選擇的博客
post = get_object_or_404(Post, id=id)
# 2. 若是用戶提交評論
if request.method == 'POST':
print(request.POST)
form = CommentForm(request.POST)
# 2.1 判斷表單是否合法
if form.is_valid():
comment = form.save(commit=False)
comment.post = post
comment.save()
# 2.2 若是不合法，則提交錯誤信息
else:
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html',
context={
'errors': form.errors
})
# 3. 若是不是POST請求，訪問用戶詳情頁
return redirect(post.get_url())
# comment.urls
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from comments import views
app_name = 'comment'
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^comment/blog/(?P<id>\d+)/$',views.post_comment,name='post_comment'),
]
第四步：編寫評論表單app
# 同步與數據庫評論的形式
from comments.models import Comment
class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Comment
fields = ['user','email','text']
第五步：修改HTML文件中關於評論的部分ide
<section class="comment-area" id="comment-area">
<hr>
<h3>發表評論</h3>
<form action="{% url 'comment:post_comment' post.id %}" method="post" class="comment-form">
{% csrf_token %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="{{ form.user.id }}">{{ form.user.label }}</label>
{{ form.user }}
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<label for="{{ form.email.id }}">{{ form.email.label }}</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<div class="col-md-12">
<label for="{{ form.text.id }}">{{ form.text.label }}</label>
{{ form.text }}
<button type="submit" class="comment-btn">發表</button>
</div>
</div> <!-- row -->
</form>
<div class="comment-list-panel">
<h3>評論列表，共 <span>{{ comments.count }}</span> 條評論</h3>
<ul class="comment-list list-unstyled">
{% for comment in comments %}
<li class="comment-item">
<span class="nickname">{{ comment.user }}</span>
<time class="submit-date"
datetime="{{ comment.create_time }}">{{ comment.create_time }}</time>
<div class="text">
{{ comment.text }}
</div>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</section>
自定義標籤
實現按標籤搜索、按日期搜索、按分類搜索的功能函數
第一步：自定義標籤post
- 準備(必需)工做：
在某個app下建立一個名爲templatetags(必需，且包名不可變)的包。假設咱們在名爲blog的app下建立了一個templatetags的包，並在該包下建立了一個名爲blog_tags的文件. 確保settings文件中的INSTALLD_APPS內必須含有該app 修改setting.py有關時間顯示的部分
# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True #若是setting中配置USE_TZ=True則輸出的是UTC時間（naive time）， # 若是setting中配置USE_TZ=False，則該輸出時間與datetime.datetime.now()徹底相同 # USE_TZ = True USE_TZ = False
2. 接下來在blog_tags文件中寫入以下幾行
from django import template register = template.Library()
3. 在模板中使用{% load %} 標籤裝載自定義標籤或者裝飾器
from django import template
from django.db.models import Count
from blog.models import Post, Category, Tag
register = template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def get_recent_posts(num=3):
return Post.objects.all().order_by('-create_time')[:num]
@register.simple_tag
def archives():
return Post.objects.dates(field_name='create_time',
kind='month',
order='DESC')
@register.simple_tag
def get_category():
return Category.objects.annotate(num_posts=Count('post')).filter(num_posts__gt=0)
@register.simple_tag
def get_tags():
# return Tag.objects.all()
return Tag.objects.annotate(num_posts = Count('post'))
第二步： 編寫標籤查找的路由和視圖函數url
路由spa
#blog.urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from blog import views
app_name = 'blog'
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
url(r'blog/(?P<id>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
url(r'^archive/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{1,2})/', views.archive, name='archive'),
url(r'^category/(?P<id>\d+)/', views.category, name='category'),
url(r'^tag/(?P<id>\d+)/', views.tag, name='tag'),
url(r'^search', views.search, name='search')
]
視圖函數
from django.db.models import Q
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
# Create your views here.
from markdown import markdown
from blog.models import Post, Tag
from comments.forms import CommentForm
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse('ok index!')
posts = Post.objects.all()
return render(request,'blog/index.html',context={
'posts':posts
})
def detail(request,id):
# return HttpResponse('ok,%s detail' %(id))
post = Post.objects.get(id=id)
post.add_views()
form = CommentForm()
comments = post.comment_set.all()
post.body = markdown(post.body,
extensions=['markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
'markdown.extensions.toc', ],
output_format='html')
return render(request,'blog/detail.html',context={
'post':post,
'comments':comments,
'form':form,
})
def archive(request,year,month):
posts = Post.objects.filter(
create_time__year=year,
create_time__month=month
).order_by('-create_time')
return render(request,'blog/index.html',context={
'posts':posts
})
def category(request,id):
posts = Post.objects.filter(category_id=id)
return render(request,'blog/index.html',
context={
'posts':posts
})
def tag(request,id):
tag = get_object_or_404(Tag,id=id)
posts = Post.objects.filter(tags=tag).order_by('-create_time')
return render(
request, 'blog/index.html',
context={
'posts': posts
}
)
def search(request):
query = request.GET.get('query',None)
posts = Post.objects.filter(
Q(title__icontains=query) |
Q(body__icontains=query)
)
if not posts:
return render(request,'blog/index.html',
context={
'posts':posts,
'message':'沒有找到相關信息'
}
)
else:
return render(request, 'blog/index.html',
context={
'posts': posts
}
)
第三步：修改Html文件，僅截取部分代碼
這裏在博客詳情頁須要顯示的是博客的結構(目錄)，添加顯示目錄的代碼
修改視圖函數
def detail(request,id):
# return HttpResponse('ok,%s detail' %(id))
post = Post.objects.get(id=id)
post.add_views()
form = CommentForm()
comments = post.comment_set.all()
# post.body = markdown(post.body,
# extensions=['markdown.extensions.extra',
# 'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
# 'markdown.extensions.toc', ],
# output_format='html')
md = Markdown(
extensions=['markdown.extensions.extra',
'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
'markdown.extensions.toc', ],
output_format='html'
)
# Convert markdown to serialized XHTML or HTML.
post.body = md.convert(post.body)
post.toc = md.toc
return render(request,'blog/detail.html',context={
'post':post,
'comments':comments,
'form':form,
})
右側導航欄
{# 基模板 #}
<aside class="col-md-4">
{% block toc %}
{% endblock %}
<div class="widget widget-recent-posts">
<h3 class="widget-title">最新文章</h3>
<ul>
{% get_recent_posts as recent_posts %}
{% for post in recent_posts %}
<li>
<a href="{{ post.get_url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-archives">
<h3 class="widget-title">歸檔</h3>
<ul>
{% archives as dates %}
{% for date in dates %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'blog:archive' date.year date.month %}">{{ date.year }}年 {{ date.month }}月</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-category">
<h3 class="widget-title">分類</h3>
<ul>
{% get_category as categories %}
{% for category in categories %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'blog:category' category.id %}">{{ category.name }}<span
class="post-count">({{ category.num_posts }})</span></a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
<div class="widget widget-tag-cloud">
<h3 class="widget-title">標籤雲</h3>
<ul>
{% get_tags as tags %}
{% for tag in tags %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'blog:tag' tag.id %}">{{ tag.name }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
詳情頁添加博客目錄
{# blog/detail.html #}
{% block toc %}
<div><h3 class="widget-title">文章目錄</h3>
{{ post.toc | safe }}
</div>
{% endblock %}
按類別查找
按標籤查找
按時間查找
顯示博客目錄
分頁
Django提供了一個新的類來幫助你管理分頁數據，這個類存放在django/core/paginator.py.它能夠接收列表、元組或其它可迭代的對象。
def index(request):
all_posts = Post.objects.count()
if all_posts % PER_PAGE != 0:
page_nums = all_posts // PER_PAGE + 1
else:
page_nums = all_posts // PER_PAGE
paginator = Paginator(Post.objects.all(),PER_PAGE)
if request.GET.get('page'):
page = request.GET.get('page')
else:
page = 1
try:
posts = paginator.page(page)
except (PageNotAnInteger,EmptyPage):
posts = paginator.page(1)
posts.has_previous()
posts.has_next()
posts.previous_page_number()
posts.next_page_number()
return render(request, 'blog/index.html',
context={
'title':'博客首頁',
'posts':posts,
'pages_num':page_nums,
})
修改主頁的html文件有關分頁顯示的部分
<div class="pager">
{% if posts.has_previous %}
<a href="?page={{ posts.previous_page_number }}">上一頁</a>
{% else %}
<a href="#">上一頁</a>
{% endif %}
<span class="current">第 {{ posts.number }} 頁 / 共 {{ pages_num }} 頁</span>
{% if posts.has_next %}
<a href="?page={{ posts.next_page_number }}">下一頁</a>
{% else %}
<a href="#">下一頁</a>
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