Maven遠程倉庫搭建與配置

咱們知道，Maven倉庫包括本地倉庫和遠程倉庫，而遠程倉庫又包括中央倉庫，私服，Jboss倉庫和Java.net倉庫等。

私服，即私有的倉庫服務器，它不只能夠下降中央倉庫負荷，節省外網帶寬，還能夠加速Maven構建，本身部署構件等，從而高效地使用Maven。對於私服，咱們可使用倉庫管理軟件來建立本身的私有倉庫服務器。目前網上流行的倉庫管理軟件有Apache的Achiva，JFrog的Artifactory和Sonatype的Nexus。因爲當前Nexus是最流行的倉庫管理軟件，所以，咱們這裏採用Nexus。

Nexus的安裝很簡單，只需從http://nexus.sonatype.org/downloads下載最新的版本便可。須要注意的是官網向咱們提供了兩種安裝方式，一種是自帶Web容器（Jetty)的Bundle包，另一種是war包。（能夠直接部署到Tomcat等Web容器中)

假設下載的是Bundle包，解壓到指定目錄後(筆者的目錄是E:\sonatype-nexus)，進入目錄E:\sonatype-nexus\nexus-2.4.0-09-bundle\nexus-2.4.0-09\bin\jsw\windows-x86-32\，找到腳本文件console-nexus.bat，打開並運行。若是沒有出現錯誤，打開瀏覽器輸入http://localhost:8081/nexus/index.html#welcome，能夠看到nexus的歡迎界面:

默認狀況下是匿名登陸該網站，只能享受瀏覽，搜索等功能。若是想擁有更多控制能力，能夠點擊右上角的Login in進行登陸，Nexus內置了一個管理員帳戶，用戶名是admin，密碼是admin123。

下面開始建立本身的宿主倉庫，目的是爲了將本身編寫的構件部署到該倉庫中，供組織其它成員下載。

用管理員帳戶登陸以後，在左邊導航欄框中找到Repositories，點擊後，在右框中選擇Add按鈕，彈出的菜單中選擇Hosted Repository，表示添加宿主倉庫。

在新建宿主倉庫表中，填寫倉庫的ID，Name以及倉庫策略（release表示發佈版構件，snapshot表示快照版構件)，好比：

點擊save按鈕，完成策略爲Release的宿主倉庫建立。

同理，建立策略爲Snapshot的宿主倉庫。

至此，咱們的宿主倉庫（包括髮布版和快照版）就完成了。

接下來，須要添加權限(Privileges)

在左邊導航欄的Security中找到Privileges，點擊後，在右框中點擊Add按鈕，選擇Repository Target Privilleges

按如圖所示添加發布版和快照版。

接下來建立具備相應權限的角色(Role)

最後建立用戶。

這裏須要注意的是，User ID就是遠程倉庫的username，password就是遠程倉庫的password。

至此，宿主倉庫就算完成了。

由於遠程倉庫須要安全認證，因此須要在settings.xml中進行配置。

打開settings.xml，在settings根標籤下添加以下內容：

<server>
		<id>pro-snapshot</id>
		<username>foo</username>
		<password>123456</password>
	</server>
	
	<server>
		<id>pro-release</id>
		<username>foo</username>
		<password>123456</password>
	</server>

這裏的用戶名和密碼對應以前建立的user的userId和password。即foo和123456。另外，id元素對應pom.xml中distributionManagement裏的id元素。以後會給出相應的代碼。

安全認證配置好後，接下來打開你要部署的maven項目的pom.xml，在project元素下添加以下內容：

<distributionManagement>
	<repository>
		<id>pro-release</id>
		<name>Proj Release Repository</name>
		<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases</url>
	</repository>
	
	<snapshotRepository>
		<id>pro-snapshot</id>
		<name>Proj Snapshot Repository</name>
		<url>http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Snapshots</url>
	</snapshotRepository>
  </distributionManagement>

這裏在distributionManagement元素下添加了發佈版倉庫和快照版倉庫，它們的id對應以前在settings.xml中server的id。url爲倉庫地址，該url能夠在nexus的repositories中找到：

最後一步，打開命令提示符窗口，定位到maven根目錄下（和pom.xml同目錄)，執行maven命令:

mvn clean deploy

若是配置沒有錯誤，會出現如下相似打印信息：

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building bus-location 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.4.1:clean (default-clean) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Deleting G:\bus-location\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:resources (default-resources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:compile (default-compile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.5:testResources (default-testResources) @ bus-location ---
[debug] execute contextualize
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory G:\bus-location\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to G:\bus-location\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.10:test (default-test) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: G:\bus-location\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running zjut.edu.soft.bus.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.016 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.3.2:jar (default-jar) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Building jar: G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.3.1:install (default-install) @ bus-location ---
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\target\bus-location-1.0.jar to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.jar
[INFO] Installing G:\bus-location\pom.xml to C:\Users\tsw\.m2\repository\zjut\edu\soft\bus\bus-location\1.0\bus-location-1.0.pom
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy (default-deploy) @ bus-location ---
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar
2/3 KB   
3/3 KB   
         
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.jar (3 KB at 7.3 KB/sec)
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom
2/2 KB   
         
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/1.0/bus-location-1.0.pom (2 KB at 10.1 KB/sec)
Downloading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml
         
Uploading: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml
305/305 B   
            
Uploaded: http://localhost:8081/nexus/content/repositories/RestBus-Releases/zjut/edu/soft/bus/bus-location/maven-metadata.xml (305 B at 3.1 KB/sec)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.762s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed May 22 13:23:16 CST 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/33M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

進入http://localhost:8081/nexus網頁，在RestBus-Releases(由於在pom.xml中，version是1.0，不是快照版）中，能夠找到剛剛部署上去的構件bus-location-1.0.jar

固然，也能夠在網頁上進行手工部署。