oracle 備份恢復 08邏輯備份恢復

1、邏輯備份相關設置
1.邏輯備份主要是編碼格式設置
export ORACLE_SID=
export NLS_LANG=
select PROPERTY_NAME,PROPERTY_VALUE from database_properties;

2、EXP/IMP客戶端工具導出導入實驗
1.導出導入用戶的對象
exp scott/tiger@ipemsdb  file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/scott_lxtb1_lxtb11.dmp  tables=lxtb1,lxtb11  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/scott_lxtb1_lxtb11.log [rows=n]
只導入表結構及數據[只導入表結構]，導入前刪掉對應對象，不能添加導入
imp scott/tiger@ipemsdb  file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/scott_lxtb1_lxtb11.dmp  tables=lxtb1,lxtb11  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/in_scott_lxtb1_lxtb11.log [rows=n]
2.導出導入方案
exp scott/tiger@ipemsdb  owner=scott file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/owner_scott.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/owner_scott.log
導入本身的方案，重建用戶後，導入以前用戶導出本身的方案
imp scott/tiger@ipemsdb  file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/owner_scott.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/in_owner_scott.log full=y
導出導入其餘用戶方案
exp system/oracle@ipemsdb owner=(hr,scott) file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/hr_scott.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/hr_scott.log
imp system/oracle@ipemsdb file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/hr_scott.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/in_hr_scott.log fromuser=hr,scott touser=hr,scott[full=y]
3.導出導入全庫
exp system/oracle@ipemsdb file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/exp_full.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/exp_full.log  full=y inctype=complete 
imp system/oracle@ipemsdb file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/exp_full.dmp  log=/u01/app/backdir/logico/in_exp_full.log  full=y ignore=y
參考資料：http://blog.csdn.net/wwww1988600/article/details/14120949

3、EXPDP/IMPDP服務端工具導出導入實驗
1.設置導出導入目錄
create directory dump_dir as '/u01/app/backdir/logico';
grant read , write on directory dump_dir to scott;
drop  directory  dump_dir;
2.導出導入表
expdp scott/tiger directory=dump_dir dumpfile=tab.dmp  TABLES=dept,emp logfile=expdp_tab.log
impdp scott/tiger directory=dump_dir dumpfile=tab.dmp  tables=dept,emp logfile=impdp_tab.log
impdp system/oracle directory=dump_dir dumpfile=tab.dmp  tables=dept,emp logfile=impdp_tab.log remap_schema=SCOTT:scott_a
3.導出導入方案，導入時能夠不用建立方案
expdp system/oracle directory=dump_dir dumpfile=schema.dmp schemas=scott_a,scott logfile=e_schema.log
impdp system/oracle directory=dump_dir dumpfile=schema.dmp schemas=scott_a,scott logfile=i_schema.log
4.導出導入數據庫,不會導出sys，ordsys，ordplugins，ctxsys。mdsys，lbacsys，xdb等方案對象
expdp system/oracle directory=dump_dir  dumpfile=full.dmp  full=y
impdp system/oracle directory=dump_dir  dumpfile=full.dmp  full=y

4、遷移表空間（跨庫遷移）
1.使用expdp/impdp數據泵，字符集自動轉換，不用特殊設置
導出庫搭建測試數據，包括用戶，表存放同一表空間，
    create tablespace oltp  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ipemsdb/datafile/oltp01.dbf' size 20M;
    create user trans identified by trans default tablespace oltp;
    grant connect,resource to trans;
    create table trans.emp as select * from scott.emp;
    create table trans.dept as select * from scott.emp;
    select USERNAME,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where USERNAME='TRANS'; 
    select OWNER,TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_tables where owner='TRANS';
兩庫創導出導入目錄並授予操做權限
    mkdir -p /home/oracle/dir
    create directory dir as '/home/oracle/dir';
    grant read , write  on directory dir to public;
目標上建立用戶、解鎖、受權（沒法指定用戶的默認表空間） 
    create user trans identified by trans;
    alter user trans account unlock;
    grant connect,resource to trans;
檢查自包含，如存在清理包含（刪除外鍵） 
    execute dbms_tts.transport_set_check('OLTP',true);
    select * from transport_set_violations;
查數據文件，將表空間設爲只讀
    alter tablespace oltp read only;     
expdp導出表空間
    expdp  system/oracle DUMPFILE=oltp.dmp DIRECTORY=dir TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES=oltp
拷貝導出的dump文件 oltp.dump 至新服務器目錄，同時拷貝數據文件至對應目錄
    scp oltp.dmp  192.168.0.200:/home/oracle/dir/
    scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ipemsdb/datafile/oltp01.dbf 192.168.0.200:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ipemsdb/datafile/
expdp導入指定數據文件裏（導入後用戶的默認表空間爲users對象表空爲導入表空間） 
    impdp system/oracle  dumpfile=oltp.dmp directory=dir TRANSPORT_DATAFILES='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ipemsdb/datafile/oltp_01.dbf'
表空間設爲可讀寫模式;
    alter tablespace oltp read write;

2.使用exp/imp導入導出
檢查 NLS_LANG 設置確認字符集
搭建測試數據
檢查自包含
    execute dbms_tts.transport_set_check('OLTP',true);
    select * from transport_set_violations;
設置表空間未只讀模式
    alter tablespace oltp read only;
只能用sys用戶操做 sys as sysdba
exp導出表空間
    exp  file=/u01/app/backdir/logico/exp_oltp.dmp  tablespaces=oltp  TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE=y
    Username: sys  as sysdba
    Password:
拷貝 oltp.dump, 數據文件
imp導入 
    imp  file=/u01/app/dir/exp_oltp.dmp  tablespaces=oltp TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE=y  datafiles='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ipemsdb/datafile/oltp_01.dbf'
    Username: sys  as sysdba
    Password:    
設置表空間爲讀寫模式
    alter tablespace oltp read write;
    
5、過程錯誤收集
ORA-00600: 內部錯誤代碼, 參數: [kcratr1_lastbwr], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
啓動時報以上錯誤，多半是操做系統問題，如機器名改了等
ORA-31626: job does not exist
ORA-31637: cannot create job SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 for user SYSTEM
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPV$FT_INT", line 600
ORA-39080: failed to create queues "KUPC$C_1_20151127071451" and "KUPC$S_1_20151127071451" for Data Pump job
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 95
ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPC$QUE_INT", line 1555
ORA-04031: unable to allocate 56 bytes of shared memory ("streams pool","unknown object","streams pool","fixed allocation callback")
檢查表空間是否空間不足，sga_target是否太小