如何在Windows中安裝Wt

來自：http://redmine.webtoolkit.eu/projects/wt/wiki/Installing_Wt_on_MS_Windows

Installing Wt on MS Windows¶

〔 原文拷貝，錨鏈不要點 :-)〕

• Installing Wt on MS Windows
• Setting up your compiler
• The Quick Method
• Download Dependencies
• Configuring Wt
• Compiling Wt
• Running the examples
• Installing Wt
• Optional components
• Preparations
• Download and build zlib
• OpenSSL
• Important Remarks

This HOWTO assumes you have a clean Windows system and want to use Wt 2.1 or newer series. We start with the download of the compiler and system libraries. We continue to explain where the dependency libraries can be found and how they are installed. Then the configuration of Wt is covered, and finally we build Wt and run the examples.

〔這個安裝文檔假設Windows系統是乾淨的。咱們首先要下載編譯器和系統須要的庫。按這個說明的步驟完成後，咱們就能夠跑起Wt的例程了。〕

Unlike Linux distributions, Windows has no easy package managers for developers. To avoid that you're compiling dependencies for half a day before you can use Wt, we strongly reduced the minimal dependencies that Wt requires. Since Wt 2.1, Boost and cmake are the only required dependencies. We will explain two approaches to set up your environment: the quick method, using binary packages, and the thorough method, in which you compile more dependencies, but which will also result in a Wt that supports compression, SSL, etc.

〔與Linux發行版不一樣，Windows沒有方便實用的包管理器。因此爲了不你們不在安裝依賴庫方面費時太多，咱們已經將Wt的依賴庫減小到最小。 Wt2.1起，Wt必須的依賴庫只有 Boost和cmake。〕

These instructions have been tested both on Windows XP and Windows Vista. These instructions are valid for all 2.1 and newer versions of Wt.

Setting up your compiler¶〔安裝編譯器〕

You need Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 or newer, Professional or Express Edition (C++). The difference is that the former is payware, whereas the latter is a free reduced version of MSVC. The good news is that the Express Edition is perfect to compile Wt.

〔先要安裝C++編譯器，呵呵，就是 VS2005或更高版〕

For more information about the compiler, see Installing MSVC.

The Quick Method¶〔快速安裝〕

The quick method installs Wt without any optional components (compression-over-HTTP and support for HTTPS)

〔快速安裝只安裝了Wt，沒有太多附加的、可選的組件，實現了compression-over-HTTP and support for HTTPS。〕

Download Dependencies¶〔下載依賴庫〕

• Download the BoostPro installer for version 1.36 or newer from boost-consulting (you might need to register in order to download the BoostPro installer). Run it, and install all types for all libraries for the correct version of your MSVC compiler at a location of your choice.
• 〔下載 BoostPro安裝器 >1.36，運行安裝須要的庫，注意所需庫應結合 MSVC編譯器的版原本考察。〕
• Download the cmake 2.6 (cmake > 2.4.6 required) Windows Installer. Run the installer to install cmake.
• 〔下載 cmake 2.6 安裝器，運行以安裝 cmake。〕
• Download Wt from the download page. Unzip it somehwere (c:/projects/witty/wt-2.x.x).
• 〔下載Wt包，解壓止相應目錄如，c:/projects/witty/wt-x.x.x〕

Configuring Wt¶〔配置Wt〕

• Start cmake from the Start->CMake menu
• 〔啓動 cmake〕
• Where the source code is: c:\projects\witty\wt-2.x.x
• 〔告訴 cmake 咱們 wt 源文件目錄，如c:\projects\witty\wt-2.x.x〕
• Where to build the binaries: c:\projects\witty\wt-2.x.x\build (or whatever, but choose something different than the source directory)
• 〔告訴cmake 咱們編譯目標目錄，如 c:\projects\witty\wt-2.x.x\build 〕
• Click Configure
• 〔以上完成後，點擊 Configure〕
• Select Visual Studio 8 2005 or 2008
• 〔選擇 VS 的版本 〕

You will probably get errors about Boost not being found. That is normal, as you did not yet tell where the library is located. Set this variables:

〔 這個過程當中，咱們極可能會獲得關於Boost庫沒法找到的報錯信息，這是正常的，由於咱們尚未告訴 cmake 咱們Boost庫的位置。設置以下：〕

• BOOST_DIR = c:/Program Files/boost/boost_1_36_0 (adapt for your version)

Another error you might encounter in CMake is "The C compiler "cl" is not able to compile a simple test program." This means that your Visual Studio won't find 'cmd' as it isn't configured correctly.

〔另外一個可能的錯誤是「The C compiler "cl" is not able to compile a simple test program.」，這說明咱們的VS找不到 cmd 。〕

What you must do is change MSVS options (Tools menu > Options > Project and Solutions > VC++ Directories) to ensure that

〔這樣，咱們須要修改 並 確保 MSVS的配置選項正確，Tools menu > Options > Project and Solutions > VC++ Directories：〕

• $(SystemRoot)

• $(SystemRoot)\System32

• $(SystemRoot)\System32\wbem

• are specified BEFORE $(PATH).

Press 'Configure' again. A few messages about the FCGI and wthttpd connector may pop up; click Ok (in cmake 2.8, this button is called 'Generate'). A few new configuration fields (in red) will have popped up; leave them unchanged and press 'Configure' once more. If all went well, you have now no red fields left and the configuration is complete. Press 'Ok' and your MSVC solution files will be generated.

〔配置好後，再點擊 「Configure」，隨後會出現 關於 FCGI 和 wthttpd 鏈接器 的對話框彈出，視應用狀況選擇。另外，一些新的設置選項（字段）也將彈出，能夠不理會，繼續點「Configure」。若是一切順利，配置就此完成，點「OK」，咱們相關的 MSVC 文件會生成。〕

Compiling Wt¶〔編譯 Wt〕

Open the WT.sln solution in the 'Where to build the binaries' directory of the previous step. Press F7, or select the projects you want to build manually. You should not get any compile or link errors.

〔在 VS 中 打開 WT.sln文件，按下 F7，這個過程不該有編譯錯誤和連接信息。〕

Running the examples¶〔運行wt示例〕

In the MSVC IDE Right-click on the example project you want to run, and select 'Properties'. In Configuration Properties->Debugging, set the Command Arguments to

〔在 MSVS IDE中，右鍵點擊咱們但願運行的例子項目，對話框中選擇 「Properties」，在配置屬性中點擊 Debugging，並把命令參數設置爲：〕

--http-address=0.0.0.0 --http-port=8080 --deploy-path=/hello --docroot=.

Wt builds static versions of all libraries by default and links against static boost libraries by default. If you would choose to build dynamic libraries in the future (see remarks at the bottom of this page), the easiest way to locate the dependency dlls, is to append their location to the PATH variable. In order to do so, change the Environment field to contain a PATH directive:

〔Wt 默認爲靜態編譯，默認連接boost靜態庫。若是你但願選擇動態編譯，最簡單的方式是定位依賴的dll，要改變環境變量 PATH：〕

PATH=c:/libraries/lib;c:/Boost/lib;<path to wt.dll>;<path to wthttp.dll>

Right-click on the example project you want to run and select 'Set as Startup Project'. Press F5 (Run). This will start a httpd server listening on all local interfaces, on port 8080, and you may browse the example at http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello

〔右鍵點擊運行例子項目，選擇「Set as Startup Project」，按F5運行。這會開啓一個 httpd 服務器監聽全部本地接口，端口位於8080，這時你能夠經過  http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello  瀏覽例程 〕

Examples that need extra files to run, should be executed from their source directory in order to find their dependency files (icons, css files, etc. Watch for 404 errors in Wt's output). To do so, set the 'Working directory' for the example to wt-2.x.x/examples/ExampleName. Some examples (e.g. the wt home page) need the 'resources' directory to work correctly. Copy the wt-2.x.x/resources to the example's source directory to solve this problem. Other examples (such as the Charts example) may require the installation of ExtJs. See the Wt reference manual for more information on how to obtain and install ExtJs.

〔例程執行時，會尋找所須要的文件，如 icons, css 等，若是找不到 Wt 會輸出 404 錯誤。要觀察錯誤，請設置 「Working directory」 爲 wt-2.x.x/examples/ExampleName。有的例子，好比 wt 網站例子還須要設置 「resouces」 文件，能夠經過拷貝 wt-2.x.x/resources 到例子文件夾便可解決。其餘的例子，如 Charts ，須要安裝 ExtJs。這個能夠看 Wt 的手冊以安裝，比較簡單。〕

These are all the command-line options that are available:

〔全部的 命令行 選項以下：〕

General options:
  -h [ --help ]              produce help message
  -t [ --threads ] arg (=10) number of threads
  --docroot arg              document root for static files
  --no-compression           do not compress dynamic text/html and text/plain 
                             responses
  --deploy-path arg (=/)     location for deployment

HTTP server options:
  --http-address arg    IPv4 (e.g. 0.0.0.0) or IPv6 Address (e.g. 0::0)
  --http-port arg (=80) HTTP port (e.g. 80)

HTTPS server options:
  --https-address arg     IPv4 (e.g. 0.0.0.0) or IPv6 Address (e.g. 0::0)
  --https-port arg (=443) HTTPS port (e.g. 443)
  --ssl-certificate arg   SSL server certificate chain file
                          e.g. "/etc/ssl/certs/vsign1.pem" 
  --ssl-private-key arg   SSL server private key file
                          e.g. "/etc/ssl/private/company.pem" 
  --ssl-tmp-dh arg        File for temporary Diffie-Hellman parameters
                          e.g. "/etc/ssl/dh512.pem"

Installing Wt¶〔安裝 Wt〕

After compilation, right-click on 'INSTALL' and select 'build'. This will copy Wt header files an libraries to c:/Program Files/WT.

〔編譯完後，右鍵點擊 「INSTALL」並選擇 「build」，將拷貝 Wt 頭文件到 c:/Program Files/WT〕

Optional components¶〔可選組件〕

This involves installing SSL, zlib, and some other components. After installation as described here, rerun cmake so that it uses. These instructions are valid for Wt > 2.1.0.

〔可選組件可能包括 SSL，zlib及其餘。安裝後，從新運行 cmake以使用他們。〕

Preparations¶〔準備〕

In order to avoid to set paths to small library separately, we create a repository where we store them all. CMake will find this repository without intervention if you call it 'c:\libraries'.

〔爲了不給每一個庫單獨設置路徑，咱們能夠建立一個容器來存儲他們，CMake會直接找到這個容器來定位他們，如 c:\libraries〕

mkdir c:\libraries
mkdir c:\libraries\lib
mkdir c:\libraries\include
建立文件夾（庫和頭文件〕

Download and build zlib¶〔下載並編譯 zlib〕

Zlib is an optional dependency of Wt, which can be controlled by the CMake flag HTTP_WITH_ZLIB. With zlib, Wt compresses all http traffic by default, saving bandwidth.

• Get zlib from http://www.zlib.net/ (direct link for version 1.2.3).
• Open zlib-1.2.3\contrib\vstudio\vc8\zlibvc.sln
• Select solution 'Debug', architecture 'Win32' (in the toolbar)
• Right-click on project 'zlibstat', select Properties. In 'Configuration Properties'->'C/C++'->'Code Generation'->'Runtime Libraries' and set it to 'Multi-threaded Debug DLL (/MDd)'. Close the properties window.
• Do the same with project 'zlibvc'
• Right-click on project 'zlibstat', and select 'Build' to build it.
• Select solution 'Release', architecture 'Win32'
• Right-click on project 'zlibstat', select Properties. In 'Configuration Properties'->'C/C++'->'Code Generation'->'Runtime Libraries' and set it to 'Multi-threaded DLL (/MD)'. Close the properties window.
• Do the same with project 'zlibvc'* Right-click on project 'zlibstat', and select 'Build' to build it.

Results are now located in the x86 directory. Copy them into our central repository location, renaming the debug library in the process:

cp contrib\vstudio\vc8\x86\ZlibStatDebug\zlibstat.lib c:\libraries\lib\zlibstatd.lib
cp contrib\vstudio\vc8\x86\ZlibStatRelease\zlibstat.lib c:\libraries\lib\

We also need zlib.h and zconf.h header files.

cp zlib.h zconf.h c:\libraries\include

OpenSSL¶

You need OpenSSL if you want to use Wt to support https mode. Grab a pre-compiled binary from http://www.openssl.org/related/binaries.html, install it in the default path (c:\OpenSSL) and Wt's CMake files will find and use OpenSSL (verify that HTTP_WITH_SSL is enabled).

Important Remarks¶

By default, Wt will build static libraries that are statically linked against boost. While this is convenient for quick deployment (the example binaries do not require dlls to run, so you do not have to set their PATHs correctly), many people prefer to use dll's, not in the least because your Wt applications will link much faster.

Two cmake options control how Wt is built, and what kind of boost libraries it uses:

• BOOST_DYNAMIC: set to true to build against boost dlls. Set to false to link to static boost libraries.
• SHARED_LIBS: set to true to build a Wt DLL, set to false to build a static Wt library.

When you double-checked the library directories but you still get build errors such as "cannot open file 'libboost_signals-vc90-mt-gd-1_35.lib'", you probably did not install or build the static boost files, while the BOOST_DYNAMIC option is set to false. Similarly, when the error indicates that boost_signals-vc90-mt-gd-1_35.lib is not found, you probably haven't installed or built the boost dlls, while BOOST_DYNAMIC is set to true.

Note that, when you build a static Wt library (SHARED_LIBS is false), you will get these boost-related linker errors only when you compile the examples.

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