gevent 協程

monkey patch

因爲切換是在IO操做時自動完成,因此gevent須要修改Python自帶的一些標準庫,這一過程在啓動時經過monkey patch完成:python

from gevent import monkey; monkey.patch_socket()
import gevent

def f(n):
    for i in range(n):
        print gevent.getcurrent(), i

g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()

運行結果:

<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 4

能夠看到,3個greenlet是依次運行而不是交替運行。git

交替運行greenlet

要讓greenlet交替運行,能夠經過gevent.sleep()交出控制權:github

def f(n):
    for i in range(n):
        print gevent.getcurrent(), i
        gevent.sleep(0)

執行結果:

<Greenlet at 0x10cd58550: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58910: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10cd584b0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58550: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10cd584b0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58910: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58550: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58910: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10cd584b0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58550: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10cd584b0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58910: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58550: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10cd58910: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10cd584b0: f(5)> 4

3個greenlet交替運行,把循環次數改成500000,讓它們的運行時間長一點,而後在操做系統的進程管理器中看,線程數只有1個.服務器

實際代碼gevent.joinall

固然,實際代碼裏,咱們不會用gevent.sleep()去切換協程,而是在執行到IO操做時,gevent自動切換,代碼以下:網絡

from gevent import monkey; monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
import urllib2

def f(url):
    print('GET: %s' % url)
    resp = urllib2.urlopen(url)
    data = resp.read()
    print('%d bytes received from %s.' % (len(data), url))

gevent.joinall([
        gevent.spawn(f, 'https://www.python.org/'),
        gevent.spawn(f, 'https://www.yahoo.com/'),
        gevent.spawn(f, 'https://github.com/'),
])

運行結果:

GET: https://www.python.org/
GET: https://www.yahoo.com/
GET: https://github.com/
45661 bytes received from https://www.python.org/.
14823 bytes received from https://github.com/.
304034 bytes received from https://www.yahoo.com/.

從結果看,3個網絡操做是併發執行的,並且結束順序不一樣,但只有一個線程。併發

小結

使用gevent,能夠得到極高的併發性能,但gevent只能在Unix/Linux下運行,在Windows下不保證正常安裝和運行。socket

因爲gevent是基於IO切換的協程,因此最神奇的是,咱們編寫的Web App代碼,不須要引入gevent的包,也不須要改任何代碼,僅僅在部署的時候,用一個支持gevent的WSGI服務器,馬上就得到了數倍的性能提高。具體部署方式能夠參考後續「實戰」-「部署Web App」一節。性能

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