CentOS 7 根目錄分區擴容

時間 2019-12-14

原文原文鏈接

查看現有磁盤信息，能夠看出根分區有96G

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   96G  2.0G   94G   3% /
devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot
tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0

查看新增長的磁盤信息

fdisk

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 102.1 GB, 102131302400 bytes, 199475200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

parted

[root@localhost ~]# parted -l
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  107GB   106GB   primary               lvm


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4161MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags
 1      0.00B  4161MB  4161MB  linux-swap(v1)


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 102GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  102GB  102GB  xfs

根據以上信息，對新增長的磁盤進行分區

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (209715200-977272831, default 209715200): 
Using default value 209715200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (209715200-977272831, default 977272831): 
Using default value 977272831
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 366 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 500.4 GB, 500363689984 bytes, 977272832 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009051f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   209715199   103808000   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3       209715200   977272831   383778816   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

重啓系統後，登錄系統。（必定要重啓系統，不然可能沒法繼續下面的操做擴充新分區）node

同時在進行下一步以前，說明一下pv、vg、lv的關係。linux

一個硬盤f分區組成一個pv（物理卷）
一個或者多個pv組成一個vg（卷組）
一個vg能夠劃分出多個lv（邏輯卷）centos

查看物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- <95.12g                                                    
  swap centos -wi-ao----  <3.88g

建立物理卷

格式化分區（非必需，先格式化後面建立物理卷仍是會擦除）

# 查看系統的文件類型
[root@localhost ~]# df -T
Filesystem              Type     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       99688900 2028996  97659904   3% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs   2010736       0   2010736   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628       0   2022628   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628    8676   2013952   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs      2022628       0   2022628   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs        1038336  166632    871704  17% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs       404528       0    404528   0% /run/user/0

# 格式化爲xfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3
meta-data=/dev/sda3              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=23986176 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=95944704, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=46848, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

建立物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

查看物理卷信息

[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <99.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          25342
  PV UUID               00mdqs-YJl2-Oq3k-OlGb-7mbi-iTtz-HJl7cw
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "366.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               366.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               6PYry3-VIRi-7DUc-5erS-yCEo-Laxu-ZkoYPo
   
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <99.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25343
  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               yde5y3-OOS3-UmyT-iHwv-zwJ5-yE63-9ZHI9O

將新增長的分區 /dev/sda3 加入到根目錄分區中，也就是上面的VG Name: centos

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

從新查看卷組信息

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               464.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              119038
  Alloc PE / Size       25342 / 98.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       93696 / 366.00 GiB
  VG UUID               yde5y3-OOS3-UmyT-iHwv-zwJ5-yE63-9ZHI9O

進行卷擴容

擴容前

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   96G  2.0G   94G   3% /
devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot
tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0

進行卷擴容

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <95.12 GiB (24350 extents) to <461.12 GiB (118046 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

調整卷分區大小

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6233600 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=24934400, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=12175, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 24934400 to 120879104

最後，查看磁盤信息能夠看出根目錄分區大小已成功擴容。

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  462G  2.0G  460G   1% /
devtmpfs                 2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    2.0G  8.5M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs                    2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  163M  852M  17% /boot
tmpfs                    396M     0  396M   0% /run/user/0

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