Arrays.sort() 你應該知道的事

Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 是用來對用戶自定義的對象數組排序功能的。Java 官方文檔簡單描述了它的做用,但不足以讓咱們深入理解。爲了更深刻地理解它,這篇文章將梳理相關的關鍵點。html

一、簡單實例:如何使用Arrays.sort()

經過閱讀下面代碼,你能快速正確瞭解這個方法的用途。Comparator(比較器)用於根據Dogs的size比較其大小,並做爲sort方法的參數。java

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Dog{
    int size;   
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}

class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}

public class ArraySort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); 
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }

    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for(Dog d: dogs)
            System.out.print(d.size + " " );

        System.out.println();
    }
}

輸出:算法

2 1 3
1 2 3

二、策略模式的使用

這是運用策略模式的一個很好的場景,爲何策略模式對於這種場景很是適用?簡單來講,策略模式使不一樣的算法在運行時得以選擇。在這個例子中,經過傳遞不一樣的Comparator,能夠選擇不一樣的算法。基於上例,如今假設你有一個Comparator,用weight來代替size來比較Dogs。你能夠簡單建立一個新的Comprator以下:api

class Dog{
    int size;
    int weight;

    public Dog(int s, int w){
        size = s;
        weight = w; 
    }
}

class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
}

class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{

    @Override
    public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
        return o1.weight - o2.weight;
    }
}

public class ArraySort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator()); 
        printDogs(dogArray);

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());   
        printDogs(dogArray);
    }

    public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
        for(Dog d: dogs)
            System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");

        System.out.println();
    }
}

輸出:數組

size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40
size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50

Comparator僅僅是一個接口,任何實現了Comparator在運行時均可以被使用,這是策略模式的核心理念。oracle

三、爲何使用「super」

很顯然,若是」Comparator c」做爲參數,可是第二個參數是」Comparator< ? super T > c」,使用<? super T>意味着類型能夠是T或者是它的超類。爲何容許超類型呢?答案是:這種方式容許全部子類使用同一個comparator。看看下面這個例子一目瞭然。 ide

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Animal{
    int size;
}

class Dog extends Animal{
    public Dog(int s){
        size = s;
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal{
    public Cat(int s){
        size  = s;
    }
}

class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{

    @Override
    public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
        return o1.size - o2.size;
    }
    //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
}

public class ArraySort {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
        Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
        Dog d3 = new Dog(3);

        Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
        printDogs(dogArray);

        Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());  
        printDogs(dogArray);

        System.out.println();

        //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used. 
        Cat c1 = new Cat(2);
        Cat c2 = new Cat(1);
        Cat c3 = new Cat(3);

        Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
        printDogs(catArray);

        Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());  
        printDogs(catArray);
    }

    public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){
        for(Animal a: animals)
            System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}

輸出:this

size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3

size=2 size=1 size=3
size=1 size=2 size=3

四、總結

總的來講,從Arrays.sort()中你應該瞭解到:code

  1. generic(範型)——super
  2. 策略模式
  3. 歸併排序——nlog(n)時間複雜度
  4. java.util.Collections.sort(List list, Comparator<?super T> c)相似於Arrays.sort

參考:Arrays.sort(T[], java.util.Comparator)htm


原文:Deep Understanding of Arrays.sort()
轉載自:ImportNew.com - 劉志軍

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