Nginx實現JWT驗證-基於OpenResty實現

時間 2019-11-09

標籤 nginx 實現 jwt 驗證基於 openresty 欄目 Nginx 简体版

原文原文鏈接

介紹

權限認證是接口開發中不可避免的問題,權限認證包括兩個方面html

接口須要知道調用的用戶是誰
接口須要知道該用戶是否有權限調用

第1個問題偏向於架構，第2個問題更偏向於業務，所以考慮在架構層解決第1個問題，以達到如下目的java

全部請求被保護的接口保證是合法的(已經認證過的用戶)
接口能夠從請求頭中獲取當前用戶信息
每一個請求都有uuid用於標識

JWT(JSON Web Token)目前是應用最廣的接口權限方案，具備無狀態,跨系統,多語言多平臺支持等特色，若是能在網關層實現JWT驗證不只能夠避免代碼入侵還能爲整個後臺提供統一的解決方案,目前客戶網關使用Nginx,但社區版Nginx中沒有JWT模塊,本身實現不現實,所以選擇OpenResty做爲網關層, 據官網介紹,OpenResty® 是一個基於 Nginx 與 Lua 的高性能 Web 平臺，其內部集成了大量精良的 Lua 庫、第三方模塊以及大多數的依賴項。用於方便地搭建可以處理超高併發、擴展性極高的動態 Web 應用、Web 服務和動態網關。本質上就是一個Nginx+Lua的集成軟件.
總體架構如圖：
linux

實現

環境

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
[root@docker ~]# more /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.
8.5-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Aug 22 21:09:27 UTC 2017

安裝OpenResty

OpenRestry安裝很簡單,能夠在這裏找到不一樣版本操做系統安裝文檔,本次使用的環境是CentOS Linux release 7.4nginx

[root@docker ~]# yum install yum-utils
[root@docker ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
[root@docker ~]# yum install openresty
[root@docker ~]# yum install openresty-resty

系統默認安裝在/usr/local/openresty/目錄下,版本以下git

[root@docker openresty]# cd /usr/local/openresty/bin/
[root@docker bin]# ./openresty -v
nginx version: openresty/1.13.6.2

能夠將OpenResty目錄加到PATH裏，方便使用.github

修改nginx.conf文件測試是否安裝成功web

tee /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf <<-'EOF'
worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    server {
        listen 8080;
        location / {
            default_type text/html;
            content_by_lua '
                ngx.say("<p>hello, world</p>")
            ';
        }
    }
}
EOF
[root@docker conf]# openresty -s reload
[root@docker conf]# curl localhost:8080
<p>hello, world</p>

安裝JWT模塊

這裏使用JWT官方推薦Lua實現庫,項目地址爲 https://github.com/SkyLothar/...,有趣的是,這個項目的介紹是這麼寫的JWT For The Great Openresty,看來是爲OpenResty量身定作.github上有安裝教程,但一方面有些第三方庫的安裝文檔沒有說起,另外一方面有些內容沒有用到安裝的時候能夠跳過,這裏將完整安裝步驟從新整理了下.算法

在release頁面 https://github.com/SkyLothar/...下載項目源碼,截止到目前最新版爲v0.1.11
下載hmac源碼,截止到目前項目還未release,只能下載項目裏的源文件 https://github.com/jkeys089/l...
在服務器建立目錄/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/resty,將第1步壓縮包中目錄lua-resty-jwt-0.1.11/lib/resty/下的全部lua文件和第2步中的hmac.lua文件拷貝到該目錄下,文件列表以下.

[root@docker resty]# pwd
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/resty
[root@docker resty]# ll
total 60
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11592 Jul 18 10:40 evp.lua
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3796 Jul 18 10:40 hmac.lua
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 27222 Jul 18 10:40 jwt.lua
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 15257 Jul 18 10:40 jwt-validators.lua

修改nginx.conf驗證是否生效docker

tee /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf <<-'EOF'
worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log info;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/?.lua;;";
    server {
        listen 8080;
        default_type text/plain;
        location = / {
            content_by_lua '
                local cjson = require "cjson"
                local jwt = require "resty.jwt"

                local jwt_token = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9" ..
                    ".eyJmb28iOiJiYXIifQ" ..
                    ".VAoRL1IU0nOguxURF2ZcKR0SGKE1gCbqwyh8u2MLAyY"
                local jwt_obj = jwt:verify("lua-resty-jwt", jwt_token)
                ngx.say(cjson.encode(jwt_obj))
            ';
        }
        location = /sign {
            content_by_lua '
                local cjson = require "cjson"
                local jwt = require "resty.jwt"

                local jwt_token = jwt:sign(
                    "lua-resty-jwt",
                    {
                        header={typ="JWT", alg="HS256"},
                        payload={foo="bar"}
                    }
                )
                ngx.say(jwt_token)
            ';
        }
    }
}
EOF

[root@docker resty]# curl localhost:8080
{"signature":"VAoRL1IU0nOguxURF2ZcKR0SGKE1gCbqwyh8u2MLAyY","reason":"everything is awesome~ :p","valid":true,"raw_header":"eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9","payload":{"foo":"bar"},"header":{"alg":"HS256","typ":"JWT"},"verified":true,"raw_payload":"eyJmb28iOiJiYXIifQ"}

驗證經過,jwt模塊安裝完畢apache

自定義驗證邏輯

上面jwt模塊還沒法用於生產環境,有幾個問題沒解決

jwt token目前是寫死在配置文件裏,生產須要從header Authorization中獲取
驗證失敗目前返回是200生產須要返回401
須要配置反向代理而且將用戶信息放在代理header上

建立文件`/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/resty/nginx-jwt.lua`

local jwt = require "resty.jwt"
local cjson = require "cjson"
--your secret
local secret = "5pil6aOO5YaN576O5Lmf5q+U5LiN5LiK5bCP6ZuF55qE56yR"

local M = {}

function M.auth(claim_specs)
    -- require Authorization request header
    local auth_header = ngx.var.http_Authorization

    if auth_header == nil then
        ngx.log(ngx.WARN, "No Authorization header")
        ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)
    end

    ngx.log(ngx.INFO, "Authorization: " .. auth_header)

    -- require Bearer token
    local _, _, token = string.find(auth_header, "Bearer%s+(.+)")

    if token == nil then
        ngx.log(ngx.WARN, "Missing token")
        ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)
    end

    ngx.log(ngx.INFO, "Token: " .. token)

    local jwt_obj = jwt:verify(secret, token)
    if jwt_obj.verified == false then
        ngx.log(ngx.WARN, "Invalid token: ".. jwt_obj.reason)
        ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)
    end

    ngx.log(ngx.INFO, "JWT: " .. cjson.encode(jwt_obj))

    -- write the uid variable
    ngx.var.uid = jwt_obj.payload.sub
end

return M

修改配置文件`nginx.conf`

worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log info;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    upstream tomcat{
     server localhost:80;
    }
    lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/?.lua;;";
    server {
        listen 8080;
        set $uid '';
        location / {
            access_by_lua '
            local jwt = require("resty.nginx-jwt")
            jwt.auth()
        ';
            default_type application/json;
            proxy_set_header uid $uid;
            proxy_pass http://tomcat;
        }
    }
}

這裏後臺啓動了一臺tomcat並設置監聽端口爲80,tomcat上部署了一個示例的war包,代碼邏輯較簡單,就是輸出全部的header,代碼以下:

package asan.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class JWTDemoService extends HttpServlet {
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=UTF-8";

    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        super.init(config);
    }

    public void service(HttpServletRequest request,
                        HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,
                                                             IOException {
        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        Enumeration em=request.getHeaderNames();
        while(em.hasMoreElements()){
            String key=(String)em.nextElement();
            String value=(String)request.getHeaders(key).nextElement();
            out.println(String.format("%s ==> %s", key,value));
        }
        out.close();
    }
}

重啓OpenResty測試,若是沒有指定jwt token信息返回401

[root@docker conf]# curl http://localhost:8080/jwtdemo/service
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>openresty/1.13.6.2</center>
</body>
</html>

指定jwt token

[root@docker conf]# curl -i http://localhost:8080/jwtdemo/ -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJqdGkiOiJ5YXlhIiwiaWF0IjoxNTMxODkyNzE3LCJpc3MiOiJ5YXlhIiwic3ViIjoieWF5YSIsImV4cCI6MTUzMTkyODcxN30.W5UXlwKHSrpUAYbfoF-fTBTS9Enm1wsvCKNQm0yLSfQ'
HTTP/1.1 200
Server: openresty/1.13.6.2
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 05:52:13 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 298
Connection: keep-alive

uid ==> yaya
host ==> tomcat
connection ==> close
user-agent ==> curl/7.29.0
accept ==> */*
authorization ==> Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJqdGkiOiJ5YXlhIiwiaWF0IjoxNTMxODkyNzE3LCJpc3MiOiJ5YXlhIiwic3ViIjoieWF5YSIsImV4cCI6MTUzMTkyODcxN30.W5UXlwKHSrpUAYbfoF-fTBTS9Enm1wsvCKNQm0yLSfQ

從結果上看,後臺服務已經獲取到uid這個header
至於請求用到jwt token能夠從任意平臺生成只要保證secret同樣便可,根據官網介紹,該庫目前支持到jwt生成算法如圖:

uuid生成

爲每一個請求生成惟一的uuid碼能夠將網關層上的請求和應用層的請求關聯起來,對排查問題,接口統計都很是有用.

建立文件`/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/resty/uuid.lua`

local M  = {}
local charset = {}  do -- [0-9a-zA-Z]
    for c = 48, 57  do table.insert(charset, string.char(c)) end
    for c = 65, 90  do table.insert(charset, string.char(c)) end
    for c = 97, 122 do table.insert(charset, string.char(c)) end
end
function M.uuid(length)
        local res = ""
        for i = 1, length do
                res = res .. charset[math.random(1, #charset)]
        end
        return res
end
return M

修改配置文件`nginx.conf`

worker_processes  1;
error_log logs/error.log info;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    upstream tomcat{
     server localhost:80;
    }
    lua_package_path "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/jwt-lua/?.lua;;";
    server {
        listen 8080;
        set $uid '';
        set $uuid '';
        location / {
            access_by_lua '
            local jwt = require("resty.nginx-jwt")
            jwt.auth()
            local u = require("resty.uuid")
            ngx.var.uuid = u.uuid(64)
        ';
            default_type application/json;
            proxy_set_header uid $uid;
            proxy_set_header uuid $uuid;
            proxy_pass http://tomcat;
        }
    }
}

重啓OpenResty,測試

[root@docker conf]# openresty -s reload
[root@docker conf]# curl -i http://localhost:8080/jwtdemo/ -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJqdGkiOiJ5YXlhIiwiaWF0IjoxNTMxODk0MDA3LCJpc3MiOiJ5YXlhIiwic3ViIjoieWF5YSIsImV4cCI6MTUzMTkzMDAwN30.vQvpQpIHCmK5QBgIoRR8jhIGeYlHOMYySIr4gHvoZFE'
HTTP/1.1 200
Server: openresty/1.13.6.2
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 08:05:45 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 372
Connection: keep-alive

uid ==> yaya
uuid ==> nhak5eLjQZ73yhAyHLTgZnSBeDa8pa1p3pcpBFvJ4Mv1fkY782UgVr8Islheq03l
host ==> tomcat
connection ==> close
user-agent ==> curl/7.29.0
accept ==> */*
authorization ==> Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJqdGkiOiJ5YXlhIiwiaWF0IjoxNTMxODk0MDA3LCJpc3MiOiJ5YXlhIiwic3ViIjoieWF5YSIsImV4cCI6MTUzMTkzMDAwN30.vQvpQpIHCmK5QBgIoRR8jhIGeYlHOMYySIr4gHvoZFE

能夠看到,多了一個uuid的請求頭

jwt token生成java示例

這裏提供一個生成jwt token的java示例

package com.yaya;

import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Description:
 * @author: jianfeng.zheng
 * @since: 2018/7/5 下午9:56
 * @history: 1.2018/7/5 created by jianfeng.zheng
 */
public class JWTDemo {
    
    public static final String SECRET="5pil6aOO5YaN576O5Lmf5q+U5LiN5LiK5bCP6ZuF55qE56yR";
    
    public static String createJWT(String uid, long ttlMillis) throws Exception {
        SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;
        long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Date now = new Date(nowMillis);
        Key signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(SECRET.getBytes(), signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName());

        Map<String,Object> header=new HashMap<String,Object>();
        header.put("typ","JWT");
        header.put("alg","HS256");
        JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder().setId(uid)
                .setIssuedAt(now)
                .setIssuer(uid)
                .setSubject(uid)
                .setHeader(header)
                .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, signingKey);
        if (ttlMillis >= 0) {
            long expMillis = nowMillis + ttlMillis;
            Date exp = new Date(expMillis);
            builder.setExpiration(exp);
        }
        return builder.compact();
    }

    public static void main(String[]cmd) throws Exception {
        String s=createJWT("yaya",36000000);
        System.out.println("Bearer "+s);
    }

}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.yaya</groupId>
    <artifactId>jwtdemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.6.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>