日本的低調轉型

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都在說「日本失去的二十年」、「日本製造業衰落」，其實日本早已完成製造業的佈局，緊緊佔據產業鏈高端，在看似以退爲進的過程當中已經實現了小而美的華麗轉型。

They are all talking about "Japan's lost 20 years" and "the decline of Japan's manufacturing industry." in fact, Japan has already completed the layout of the manufacturing industry, firmly occupying the high end of the industrial chain, and has achieved a small and beautiful transformation in the process of seeming to retreat into progress.
日本製造業轉型之路 The Road to the Transformation of Japan's Manufacturing Industry

第一：內部因素

First: internal factors

雖然部分日本製造業企業離開了終端消費市場，但它們並不是被迫退出，而是選擇主動抽身，並轉型至須要更高技術門檻且競爭並不激烈的商用市場，它們還是市場的有力競爭者。好比日立的電梯、夏普的顯示屏、索尼的攝像頭等。

Although some Japanese manufacturers have left the end-consumer market, instead of being forced to withdraw, they have chosen to pull out and shift to a less competitive commercial market that requires higher technology thresholds, and they are still strong competitors. For example, Hitachi elevator, Sharp display screen, Sony camera and so on.

其實，日本國內的電子製造業集團早就開始作產業結構調整。做爲製造業產業鏈結構調整的整合者，日本產業革新機構扮演着相當重要的角色。其是由日本三井、三菱等衆多財閥巨頭協同政府當局成立。例如該機構會同瑞薩電子株式會社、富士通株式會社、松下電器產業株式會社合做成立全新的半導體設計領域子公司，集合3家在影像處理、通訊技術等方面的優點，致力於提高應用於智能手機、汽車制動的大規模集成迴路系統（LSI）方向的研發能力。

In fact, Japan's domestic electronics manufacturing groups began to adjust their industrial structure a long time ago. As the integrator of the structural adjustment of the manufacturing industrial chain, Japanese industrial innovation institutions play a vital role. It is set up by Japan's Mitsui, Mitsubishi and many other chaebol giants in cooperation with the government authorities. For example, this organization cooperates with Renesa Electronics Co., Ltd., Fujitsu Co., Ltd. and Panasonic Industrial Co., Ltd. to establish a brand-new semiconductor design subsidiary, which combines the advantages of three companies in image processing and communication technology, and is committed to improving the R & D capability of (LSI), a large-scale integrated loop system used in smartphones and automobile brakes.

在增強資源整合和協同合做的同時，它們是在低調等待另外一個帶動電子產業擴張的領域，一個方向就是以智能城市、智能電網爲首的物聯網產業。爲了得到先發優點，早在2012年10月，東芝和日立製做所向國際電工委員會（IEC）提議設立關於電能儲存系統的新標準化技術委員會（TC），並得到了批准。這是智能電網領域首個以日本爲主體設置的標準化技術委員會，日本還被選爲負責委員會運營的國際幹事。

While strengthening resource integration and cooperation, they are quietly waiting for another area to drive the expansion of the electronics industry. one direction is the Internet of things industry led by smart cities and smart grids. In order to gain a first-mover advantage, Toshiba and Hitachi proposed to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) the establishment of a new standardization technical committee (TC),on power storage systems and obtained approval as early as October 2012. This is the first standardized technical committee in the smart grid field with Japan as the main body, and Japan has also been selected as the international officer responsible for the operation of the committee.

所以，僅僅依靠中日兩國GDP此消彼長的比較和部分日本知名企業鉅虧或被中國背景公司收購的新聞，就大肆輿論宣揚這種誤讀只會加深老百姓的誤解。反觀本身，引以自豪的很多「中國製造」其實就是在作組裝，許多關鍵技術仍在外資手裏，不過是五十步笑百步罷了。

Therefore, relying solely on the comparison of the growth and decline of GDP between China and Japan and the news that some well-known Japanese companies have suffered huge losses or have been acquired by Chinese background companies, publicizing this kind of misreading will only deepen the misunderstanding of the common people. On the other hand, many of the "made in China" that we are proud of are actually doing assembly, and many key technologies are still in the hands of foreign investors.

第二：外部因素

Second: external factors

全球化大市場環境中，新興市場的快速崛起、技術轉移等問題，在近幾年確實帶給了日本製造業不小的衝擊。但這些衝擊還不足以讓日本製造業衰落，偏偏更加堅決了其堅持走高品質產品線的雄心。畢竟中國等國的廉價生產力和低成本原料對日本製造業的衝擊，只能停留在快消品等市場；在技術導向和高檔耐用品市場，日本製造的地位還是難以撼動的。想一想出國搶購或是海外淘馬桶蓋、電飯煲的熱潮吧。

In the global market environment, the rapid rise of emerging markets and technology transfer have indeed had a great impact on the Japanese manufacturing industry in recent years. But these shocks are not enough to cause the decline of Japanese manufacturing, only to strengthen its ambition to adhere to the high-quality product line. After all, the impact of cheap productivity and low-cost raw materials in China and other countries on Japanese manufacturing can only stay in markets such as fast consumer goods; in the technology-oriented and high-end durable goods market, the position of Japanese manufacturing is still unshakeable. Think about the rush to buy abroad or the craze for toilet seats and rice cookers overseas.

若是你以爲我看到的是單點的案例，不妨讓我來羅列下你們熟知的日本製造業巨頭的近況。

If you think I'm seeing a single-point case, let me make a list of the well-known Japanese manufacturing giants.

第一：東芝關「機」

First: Toshiba turns off the "machine"

2013年末，東芝在與惠州TCL電器銷售公司成立合資公司後就關停了其在大連的工廠，中國市場的電視機已經所有轉由TCL代工生產。東芝表示，將來集團將把業務重點放在兩個方向：一是可循環、清潔、便攜、高效能的環保型能源產品；二是應對不斷海量增加的、記錄人類歷史和天然界的存儲產品——硬盤。

At the end of 2013, Toshiba closed its factory in Dalian after forming a joint venture with Huizhou TCL Electrical Appliances sales Co., Ltd., and all the televisions in the Chinese market have been manufactured by TCL. Toshiba said that in the future, the group will focus its business on two directions: one is recyclable, clean, portable and highly efficient environment-friendly energy products; the other is to deal with the growing mass of storage products that record human history and nature-hard drives.

第二：松下變「綠」

Second: Panasonic turns "green"

2012年，松下將旗下的三洋白色家電業務以8．3億元人民幣的價格拋售給了國內家電巨頭海爾，並宣稱再也不對等離子和液晶顯示器業務進行投資。日本松下表示，松下高層早就作出主動轉型計劃，從偏重現有事業向新能源和環保領域轉型。

In 2012, Panasonic sold its Sanyo white goods business to domestic appliance giant Haier for 830 million yuan and announced that it would no longer invest in plasma and liquid crystal displays. Panasonic said that Panasonic executives have long made a proactive transformation plan to shift from focusing on existing businesses to new energy and environmental protection.

第三：索尼成「醫」

Third: Sonny becomes a "doctor".

今年4月在大連成立索尼信息系統中國區總部的日本索尼株式會社早在2011年就收購了美國伊利諾伊的生命科學公司，開始涉足流式細胞術業務，在2012年與奧林巴斯密切合做後，於今年5月以「前沿科技，致力醫療」的全新主題，攜帶新產品和解決方案出席了上海召開的中國國際醫療器械博覽會。經過手術影像移動站、手術3D解決方案、內窺鏡手術解決方案等全面展現了索尼在醫療領域的最新科技成果和強大實力。

Sony Corporation of Japan, which established the China headquarters of Sony Information Systems in Dalian in April this year, acquired the life science company of Illinois in the United States as early as 2011 and began to get involved in the flow cytometry business. after close cooperation with Olympus in 2012, in May this year, with the brand-new theme of "cutting-edge technology, committed to medical treatment", Sony Co., Ltd. attended the China International Medical device Expo in Shanghai with new products and solutions. Through the surgical image mobile station, surgical 3D solutions, endoscopic surgery solutions and other comprehensive display of Sony's latest scientific and technological achievements and strong strength in the medical field.
給中國製造的啓示 Enlightenment to made in China

第一：結合互聯網＋、工業4.0等趨勢、主動求變

First: take the initiative to seek change by combining the trends of Internet +, Industry 4.0, etc.

都說「轉型是做死，不轉型是等死」，咱們要明白不是爲了轉型而轉型，而是爲了要提高企業的全球競爭力而去轉型，重點是要造成優點的商業模式和經營方法。日本家電製造企業轉型是在轉移製造、下降成本的同時將資源集中在新興產業上。所以，中國製造業轉型也應主動地去進行產業結構調整，主導產業從高能耗、高投入、低效益的傳統制造業逐漸轉向高技術、深加工的新型製造業以及電子信息業等新興產業，提高產品競爭力。

It is said that "transformation is death, not transformation is waiting for death". We have to understand that transformation is not for the sake of transformation, but to enhance the global competitiveness of enterprises. the key point is to form an advantageous business model and method of operation. The transformation of Japanese home appliance manufacturing enterprises is to transfer manufacturing and reduce costs while concentrating resources on emerging industries. Therefore, the transformation of China's manufacturing industry should also take the initiative to adjust the industrial structure, and the leading industry should gradually shift from the traditional manufacturing industry with high energy consumption, high investment and low efficiency to emerging industries such as high-tech, deep-processing new manufacturing industry and electronic information industry. enhance the competitiveness of products.

第二：專一品質，工匠精神和持續創新

Second: focus on quality, craftsmanship and continuous innovation

日本人的工匠精神和鑽牛角尖毅力能夠說是衆所周知，這也是日本製造業強大的一個重要緣由。對於中國製造業，重視技術工人，與技術工人構築共同願景，踐行工匠精神，不只能夠幫助建設更加嚴謹、重視技能、更加專一的企業文化，生產出更優質的產品，還能使技術工人在高度工業化和商業化的社會中找到自我認同感，提高自主鑽研創新的積極性，推進製造業工藝流程的優化、產品質量的提升。

The craftsman spirit and perseverance of the Japanese can be said to be well known, which is also an important reason for the strength of the Japanese manufacturing industry. For China's manufacturing industry, attaching importance to skilled workers, building a common vision with skilled workers and practicing the spirit of craftsmen can not only help build a more rigorous, skilled and focused corporate culture and produce higher quality products. it can also enable skilled workers to find a sense of self-identity in a highly industrialized and commercialized society and enhance their enthusiasm for independent research and innovation. Promote the optimization of manufacturing process and the improvement of product quality.

第三：提高用戶體驗，提升服務能力

Third: enhance the user experience and improve the service ability

製造業轉型的關鍵實際上是從「製造業」向「服務業」思惟的轉變，原先製造業重點是售前的買賣服務，現在的重點是售後的增值服務，之前製造業的關鍵是研發生產能力，從此的關鍵則是運營和用戶能力。對於轉型中的製造企業就必須明白用戶體驗是產品成敗的關鍵因素，中國製造業的核心追求就是作一款用戶感知到的溫暖用心的產品。

In fact, the key to the transformation of the manufacturing industry is the change from "manufacturing" to "service industry" thinking. in the past, the manufacturing industry focused on pre-sale and trading services, but now it focuses on after-sale value-added services. in the past, the key of the manufacturing industry was R & D and production capacity. in the future, the key is operation and user capacity. For the manufacturing enterprises in transition, they must understand that user experience is the key factor in the success or failure of products, and the core pursuit of China's manufacturing industry is to make a warm-hearted product perceived by users.

第四：聚焦、專一、小而美

Fourth: focus, focus, small and beautiful

日本中小企業的成功，首先緣於高度的專一。不少企業都起步於很是不起眼的領域，難能難得的是，幾十年如一日，不斷鑽研，精益求精，直至取得突破。一般優秀的小企業爲了與大企業造成差別化，會專一於高附加值、非標準、定製化的產品。日本經濟產業省指定了17項特定製造業基礎技術，包括模具技術、鍛造技術、動力傳導技術等等，都是影響製造業競爭力的關鍵技術——它們所有掌握在中小企業手上。

The success of small and medium-sized enterprises in Japan is first of all due to a high degree of focus. Many enterprises have started in a very inconspicuous field, it is commendable that for decades, continue to study, Excelsior, until a breakthrough. Usually, in order to form differentiation with large enterprises, excellent small enterprises will focus on high value-added, non-standard, customized products. Japan's Ministry of economy, Trade and Industry has designated 17 specific basic manufacturing technologies, including mold technology, forging technology, power transmission technology, and so on, which are key technologies that affect the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry-all of which are in the hands of small and medium-sized enterprises.

在這種中小企業的內部組織通常都簡單、扁平化，沒有KPI。企業家更看重和諧的人際關係，而不是複雜的管理制度。偏偏是在這樣的環境中，人的潛力獲得了極大的發揮。能夠看到，產業升級徹底多是一個社會分工不斷深化，小而專、小而精、小而強的企業不斷涌現的過程，對於中國的製造業轉型，應當鼓勵「大衆創業、萬衆創新」，成功的中小企業都善於經過與客戶尤爲是不一樣行業客戶的溝通，在日益多樣化的需求中找到屬於本身的市場縫隙；另外一方面，傳統制造業也須要學習互聯網團隊管理和項目管理，在互聯網＋大潮中給本身的產品和組織來一個完全的轉型。

In this kind of small and medium-sized enterprises, the internal organization is generally simple, flat, there is no KPI. Entrepreneurs value harmonious interpersonal relationships rather than complex management systems. It is precisely in such an environment that human potential is brought into full play. It can be seen that industrial upgrading may be a process of deepening social division of labor and the continuous emergence of small and specialized, small and sophisticated, small and strong enterprises. for the transformation of China's manufacturing industry, "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" should be encouraged. Successful small and medium-sized enterprises are good at finding their own market gaps in the increasingly diversified needs through communication with customers, especially customers in different industries. On the other hand, the traditional manufacturing industry also needs to learn Internet team management and project management to give its own products and organizations a complete transformation in the spring tide of Internet +.