某控股公司OA系統ORACLE DG搭建

*此處安裝ORACLE DATAGUARD是利用ORACLE RMAN DUPLICATE方式安裝。
*能夠搭建好ORACLE DG再來impdp生產數據，也能夠先導入主庫數據再來作DG
*注意看下面的配置文件，此處LISTENER TNSNAMES裏的SID_NAME我都是用的db_name的ora，沒有測試其它的
*TNSNAMES的起名orcl_pd orcl_sd我都用用和db_unique_name同樣的

*版本CENTOS6.5  ORACLE11.2.0.4

一、兩臺服務器上分別安裝數據庫軟件，只安裝軟件不安裝實例，爲了減小複雜度，全部目錄都同樣
安裝請參考其餘文檔
二、在主庫上安裝數據庫實例ORA
DBCA安裝
修改日誌文件大小
內存分配好
三、在主庫上建立與舊庫同樣的用戶名錶空間

create tablespace ekp
datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora01.dbf'
size 10240M
autoextend on
next 512M 
extent management local;

create temporary tablespace ora_temp 
tempfile'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/ora_temp.dbf' 
size 10240m 
autoextend on 
next 512m 
extent management local;


create user ora identified by abcABC123 default tablespace ekp temporary tablespace ora_temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to ora;

四、中止應用，到舊庫上導出用戶數據

expdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup dumpfile=oadb1010.dmp logfile=oadbf111.log schemas=ora compression=all

五、把備份文件拷貝到主庫上，建立directory，而後導入數據IMPDP

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
create or replace directory oa_databackup as '/u01/app/oracle/bakdump';

六、主庫參數修改
1）開啓歸檔

shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
archive log list;
alter database open;

2)強制寫日誌

alter database force logging;

3)增長備庫日誌

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo04.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo05.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo06.log') size 50M; 
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/redo07.log') size 50M;

4）監聽

--主庫

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = 1521))
)


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

--從庫

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ora)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = 1521))
)


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

5）tnsname

--主庫從庫同樣

orcl_pd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

orcl_sd =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.13.3.29)(PORT = 1521)) 
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora)
)
)

6）參數文件

主庫參數

ora.__db_cache_size=61874372608
ora.__java_pool_size=939524096
ora.__large_pool_size=536870912
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=39325794304
ora.__sga_target=68719476736
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=0
ora.__shared_pool_size=4831838208
ora.__streams_pool_size=134217728
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=39267074048
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=68719476736
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd 
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_sd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE 
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc 
FAL_SERVER=orcl_sd 
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO 

從庫參數

ora.__db_cache_size=61874372608
ora.__java_pool_size=939524096
ora.__large_pool_size=536870912
ora.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
ora.__pga_aggregate_target=39325794304
ora.__sga_target=68719476736
ora.__shared_io_pool_size=0
ora.__shared_pool_size=4831838208
ora.__streams_pool_size=134217728
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ora/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='ora'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oraXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=39267074048
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=1105
*.sga_target=68719476736
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd 
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_sd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=orcl_pd ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd' 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE 
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE 
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc 
FAL_SERVER=orcl_pd 
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

7) impdp 舊數據

impdp ora/abcABC123 DIRECTORY=oa_databackup DUMPFILE=oadb1010.dmp SCHEMAS=ora

七、 備庫操做

從主課拷貝密碼文件initoracle_sid listener.ora tnsname.ora 到從庫對應位置，注意修改相對應的內容，如initora.ora修改上面從庫增長的內容，listener.ora修改IP。其它同樣
並在從庫新建相關目錄：

cd /u01/app/oracle
mkdir archivelog 
mkdir -p oradata/ora
mkdir -p fast_recovery_area/ora
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/bakdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora/adump

注意修改etc/hosts

八、備庫duplicate
備庫利用拷貝過來的參數文件啓動到nomount

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora.ora'

另開窗口rman duplicate複製

rman target sys/oracleadmin@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracleadmin@orcl_sd nocatalog
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;

九、打開備庫數據庫並開啓主從複製

sqlplus / as sysdba
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

十、檢查狀態

正常狀況下主庫OPEN_MODE 是WIRITE READ 從庫是READ ONLY WITH APPLY

SELECT OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,DB_UNIQUE_NAME,SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

主備庫查詢下面語句，看看日誌是否一致

SELECT MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

不一致時，主庫切換一下日誌在查看

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

十一、角色切換SWITCHOVER

1)主庫上
select switchover_status from v$database;
若是狀態爲SESSION ACTIVE則執行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
若是狀態爲TO_STANDBY則執行下面
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby
（若是切換失敗後要重啓一下庫）
不然要切換一下日誌看看alter system switch logfile;
2)備庫上
select switchover_status from v$database
switchover_status 爲NOT ALLOWED
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
3)原來主庫上
shutdown immediate
startup
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
（上面是開啓日誌傳輸，這個是關閉alter database recover managed standby database cancel;）
4)原來備庫上
shutdown immediate
startup

十二、failover災難切換

假設物理主庫宕機，沒法啓動，緊急啓用備庫
直接在備庫上操做，將備庫轉換爲主庫角色
備庫上執行下面四條命令便可

SQL > alter database recover managed standby database finish;
SQL > alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL > shutdown immediate;
SQL > startup;