微服務：實現服務發現與服務註冊

時間  2020-08-10
標籤 微服 實現 服務 發現 註冊 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

一.服務發現的方式：java

              1.客戶端發現：Eureka、ZooKeeper(存在缺陷)緣由：http://blog.csdn.net/whereismatrix/article/details/53305045mysql

              2.服務端發現：consul+nginxnginx

描述：Eureka是Netflix開發的服務發現框架，自己是一個基於REST的服務，主要用於定位運行在AWS域中的中間層服務，以達到負載均衡和中間層服務故障轉移的目的。SpringCloud將它集成在其子項目spring-cloud-netflix中，一實現SpringCloud的服務發現功能web

image

二.服務註冊的功能spring

1.服務註冊表：服務註冊是一個記錄當前可用的微服務實例的網絡信息數據庫，是服務發現機制的主要核心，服務註冊表查詢api、管理api，使用查詢api得到可用服務的實例，使用管理api實現註冊、註銷sql

2.服務註冊：節點啓動後，會在Eureka Server中進行註冊，這樣EurekaServer中的服務註冊表中將會存儲全部可用服務節點的信息，服務節點的信息能夠在界面中直觀的看到。數據庫

三.實現一個Eurka Serve【microservice-discovery-eureka】apache

image

 

1.添加Eureka的maven依賴api

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-discovery-eureka</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>microservice-discovery-eureka</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 身份驗證
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>-->
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

2.啓動類：使用@EnableEurekaServer註解tomcat

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer//註冊成一個服務註冊中心，給其餘微服務應用進行提供會話
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.application.properties的配置項

security.basic.enabled=true
security.user.name=user
security.user.password=test123456
server.port=8761
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
#添加身份驗證
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
#默認
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
spring.application.name=cloud-eureka-server

4.啓動【microservice-discovery-eureka】

image

四.實現一個【microservice-provider-user】

1.添加Eureka的maven依賴

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-provider-user</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>microservice-provider-user</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.啓動類：使用@EnableEurekaClient註解

package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableEurekaClient//註冊一個服務註冊應用
public class MicroserviceProviderUserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceProviderUserApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.application.properties的配置項

server.port=9090
#服務註冊表中描述應用的名稱
spring.application.name=microservice-provider-user
security.user.name=user
security.user.password=test123456
#eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka-server-1.4.6/eureka/
#添加身份驗證 
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.instance.appname=microservice.client.user
#eureka.client.registerWithEureka=true
#eureka.client.fetchRegistry=true

4.啓動【microservice-provider-user】

描述：先啓動服務發現，再啓動服務註冊類，刷新服務發現管理頁面

image

五.對Eureka服務的身份驗證(Authenticating with the Eureka Server)

1.修改應用maven依賴(服務註冊、服務發現)

<!-- 身份驗證-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.添加身份驗證

服務發現application.properties的配置項

security.basic.enabled=true
security.user.name=user
security.user.password=test123456
server.port=8761
eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.registerWithEureka=false
eureka.client.fetchRegistry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
spring.application.name=cloud-eureka-server

3.從新啓動，訪問服務發現管理頁面

image

4.服務註冊應用也須要用到身份驗證，不然註冊不了

服務註冊application.properties的配置項

server.port=9090
spring.application.name=microservice-provider-user
security.user.name=user
security.user.password=test123456
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${security.user.name}:${security.user.password}@localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.instance.appname=microservice.client.user
#eureka.client.registerWithEureka=true
#eureka.client.fetchRegistry=true
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