阿里雲CentOS 7.4 配置Nginx、PHP、Mariadb

阿里雲CentOS 7.4 基本環境配置

添加 yum 第三方源

經常使用的第三方源有兩個：EPEL 和 IUS，可在 https://ius.io/GettingStarted/ 查看到最新的安裝方法

自動安裝

curl -L https://setup.ius.io | sh

手動安裝（用了自動安裝，這個就省略）

$ wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
$ wget https://centos7.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm

$ rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -ivh ius-release.rpm

安裝完成更新yum源緩存

$ yum clean all
$ yum makecache

安裝開發工具包

$ yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

升級系統軟件包

$ yum -y upgrade

安裝 jemalloc

$ yum -y install jemalloc

安裝 redis

$ yum -y install redis

啓動redis服務並設置爲自動啓動

$ systemctl enable redis
$ systemctl start redis

安裝 Mariadb 5.5.56

安裝 mariadb

$ yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

將mariadb的數據目錄移動到自定義位置

建立mariadb數據目錄

# -p 參數能夠自動生成完整路徑，好比上面不存在/data目錄，會自動建立
mkdir -p /data/mariadb

#修改目錄全部者
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mariadb

配置 mariadb

#備份 mariadb-libs生成的my.cnf
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.libs.back
#從mariadb複製配置文件
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

修改 /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
#設置數據目錄
datadir=/data/mariadb

#添加字符集設置utf8
# setting character set
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake

#修改thread_concurrentcy爲CPU數量*2
thread_concurrency = 2

#添加mysqld_safe設置
[mysqld_safe]
log-error = /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#添加jemalloc支持
malloc-lib=/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1

#最末尾添加包含配置目錄
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

啓動 mariadb

$ systemctl start mariadb

設置mariadb服務開機啓動

$ systemctl enable mariadb

初始化mariadb

#修改mysql_secure_installation，不然會出現找不到sock文件的問題
#找到make_config函數在有[mysql]這句下方增長
echo "socket=/data/mariadb/mysql.sock" >> $config
#保存退出

$ mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

安裝 Nginx

$ yum -y install nginx
#設置開機啓動
$ systemctl enable nginx

修改systemctl啓動設置，避免沒法找到pid文件的問題

$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
$ printf "[Service]\nExecStartPost=/bin/sleep 0.1\n" > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/override.conf
$ systemctl daemon-reload

啓動 nginx

$ systemctl start nginx

安裝 PHP 7.1

$ yum -y install php71u-fpm php71u-fpm-nginx
$ yum -y install php71u-mbstring php71u-common php71u-gd php71u-mcrypt
$ yum -y install php71u-mysqlnd php71u-xml php71u-cli php71u-devel
$ yum -y install php71u-pecl-redis php71u-opcache

修改/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm.conf

upstream php-fpm {
        #server 127.0.0.1:9000;
        server unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
}

修改/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

#修改php-fpm進程用戶
user = nginx
group = nginx

#修改網絡方式
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock

#修改生成sock的用戶
listen.owner = nginx
listen.group = nginx
listen.mode = 0666

啓動php-fpm

$ systemctl enable php-fpm
$ systemctl start php-fpm

配置nginx虛擬主機

設置虛擬主機

# 添加虛擬主機配置目錄
$ mkdir -p /etc/nginx/vhosts.d

修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# 在server配置後面添加
include /etc/nginx/vhosts.d/*.conf;

到/etc/nginx/vhosts.d目錄建立 aaa.conf文件，假設www.aaa.com爲域名

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.aaa.com;
    
    access_log  /data/aaa/logs/access.log main;
    error_log   /data/aaa/logs/error.log;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
        root   /data/aaa/www;
        index  index.php index.html index.htm;
    }

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on Unix socket
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
         root           /data/aaa/www;
         fastcgi_pass   php-fpm;
         fastcgi_index  index.php;
         fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
         include        fastcgi_params;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    location = /40x.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root html;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    
    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny  all;
    }
}

建立虛擬主機網頁存放目錄和日誌目錄

$ mkdir -p /data/aaa/{logs,www}

建立一個測試文件

echo "<?php phpinfo();" > /data/aaa/www/index.php

重啓動nginx和php-fpm

$ systemctl restart nginx
$ systemctl restart php-fpm

用瀏覽器訪問域名看看是否看到phpinfo頁面