瀏覽器緩存遵循HTTP協議定義的緩存機制(如:Expires;Cache-control等)。html
校驗是否過時 | Cache-Control(max-age)、Expires |
---|---|
協議中Etag頭信息校驗 | Etag |
Last-Modified頭信息校驗 | Last-Modified |
Nginx經過添加Cache-Control(max-age)、Expires頭信息的方式控制瀏覽器緩存。
Syntax: expires [modified] time; expires epoch | max | off; Default: expires off; Context: http, server, location, if in location
本配置項能夠控制HTTP響應中的「Expires」和「Cache-Control」頭信息,(起到控制頁面緩存的做用)。「Expires」頭信息中的過時時間爲當前系統時間與您設定的 time 值時間的和。若是指定了 modified 參數,則過時時間爲文件的最後修改時間與您設定的 time 值時間的和。
「Cache-Control」頭信息的內容取決於指定 time 的符號。能夠在time值中使用正數或負數。
當 time 爲負數,「Cache-Control: no-cache」;
當 time 爲正數或0,「Cache-Control: max-age=time」,單位是秒。nginx
epoch
參數用於指定「Expires」的值爲 1 January, 1970, 00:00:01 GMT。max
參數用於指定「Expires」的值爲 「Thu, 31 Dec 2037 23:55:55 GMT」,「Cache-Control」 的值爲10 年。off
參數令對「Expires」 和 「Cache-Control」響應頭信息的添加或修改失效。正則表達式
server { location ~ .*\.(txt|xml)$ { # 設置過時時間爲1天 expires 1d; root /vagrant/doc; } }
/vagrant/doc/hello.txt
文件[root/etc/nginx]# curl -I 192.168.33.88/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:12:11 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Expires: Wed, 18 Jul 2018 07:12:11 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=86400 Accept-Ranges: bytes
重點查看 Expires
和 Cache-Control
兩個字段,可見,hello.txt 的緩存時間爲1天。vim
目的:防止資源被盜用
思路:區別哪些請求是非正常的用戶請求
Syntax: valid_referers none | blocked | server_names | string ...; Default: — Context: server, location
none
:請求頭中沒有 Referer 字段
blocked
:請求頭中雖然存在「Referer」字段,可是它的值已經被防火牆或代理服務器刪除;這些值是不以「 http://」或「 https://」開頭的字符串;
server_names
:「Referer」請求頭字段包含該服務器名稱
任意字符串:定義一個服務器名稱和一個可選的URI前綴。服務器名開始或結尾能夠有 「*」 。檢查時,「Referer」字段中的服務器端口會被忽略。
正則表達式:字符串必須以~
開頭,值得注意的是,正則表達式匹配的是在「 http://」或「 https://」以後的內容。
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.example.com example.* www.example.org/galleries/ ~\.google\.;
server { location ~ .*\.(txt|xml)$ { # 配置防盜鏈規則 valid_referers none blocked 192.168.1.110 *.example.com example.* ~\.google\.; # 若是不符合防盜鏈規則,則返回403 if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } root /vagrant/doc; } }
/vagrant/doc/hello.txt
文件Hello world!
[root~]# curl -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Fri, 03 Aug 2018 01:34:12 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes
http://www.baidu.com
,返回403[root~]# curl -e "http://www.baidu.com" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Fri, 03 Aug 2018 01:34:34 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 169 Connection: keep-alive
http://192.168.1.110
,能夠正常訪問[root~]# curl -e "http://192.168.1.110" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:31:51 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes
example.
開頭或 .example.com
結尾,能夠正常訪問[root~]# curl -e "http://www.example.com" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:33:47 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes [root~]# curl -e "http://example.baidu.com" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:33:53 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes
http://192.168.1.110
,能夠正常訪問[root~]# curl -e "http://192.168.1.110" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:31:51 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes
http://google.com
,返回403[root~]# curl -e "http://google.com" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:37:43 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 169 Connection: keep-alive
http://www.google.com
,能夠正常訪問[root~]# curl -e "http://www.google.com" -I http://127.0.0.1/hello.txt HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.14.0 Date: Thu, 02 Aug 2018 11:37:50 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 12 Last-Modified: Tue, 17 Jul 2018 07:07:22 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "5b4d95aa-c" Accept-Ranges: bytes