轉 - ss命令詳解

1.命令格式:mysql

ss [參數]sql

ss [參數] [過濾]服務器

2.命令功能:網絡

ss(Socket Statistics的縮寫)命令能夠用來獲取 socket統計信息,此命令輸出的結果相似於 netstat輸出的內容,但它能顯示更多更詳細的 TCP鏈接狀態的信息,且比 netstat 更快速高效。它使用了 TCP協議棧中 tcp_diag(是一個用於分析統計的模塊),能直接從得到第一手內核信息,這就使得 ss命令快捷高效。在沒有 tcp_diag,ss也能夠正常運行。dom

3.命令參數:ssh

-h, --help 幫助信息socket

-V, --version 程序版本信息tcp

-n, --numeric 不解析服務名稱svn

-r, --resolve        解析主機名unix

-a, --all 顯示全部套接字(sockets)

-l, --listening 顯示監聽狀態的套接字(sockets)

-o, --options        顯示計時器信息

-e, --extended       顯示詳細的套接字(sockets)信息

-m, --memory         顯示套接字(socket)的內存使用狀況

-p, --processes 顯示使用套接字(socket)的進程

-i, --info 顯示 TCP內部信息

-s, --summary 顯示套接字(socket)使用概況

-4, --ipv4           僅顯示IPv4的套接字(sockets)

-6, --ipv6           僅顯示IPv6的套接字(sockets)

-0, --packet         顯示 PACKET 套接字(socket)

-t, --tcp 僅顯示 TCP套接字(sockets)

-u, --udp 僅顯示 UCP套接字(sockets)

-d, --dccp 僅顯示 DCCP套接字(sockets)

-w, --raw 僅顯示 RAW套接字(sockets)

-x, --unix 僅顯示 Unix套接字(sockets)

-f, --family=FAMILY  顯示 FAMILY類型的套接字(sockets),FAMILY可選,支持  unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink

-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY

      QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]

-D, --diag=FILE     將原始TCP套接字(sockets)信息轉儲到文件

 -F, --filter=FILE   從文件中都去過濾器信息

       FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]

 

4.使用實例:

實例1:顯示TCP鏈接

命令:

ss -t -a

輸出:

 

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[root@localhost ~]# ss -t -a
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:smux                                               *:*       
LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:3690                                               *:*       
LISTEN     0      0                                                 *:ssh                                                *:*       
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.204:ssh                                        10.2.0.68:49368   
[root@localhost ~]# 

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說明:

 

實例2:顯示 Sockets 摘要

命令:

ss -s

輸出:

 

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[root@localhost ~]# ss -s
Total: 34 (kernel 48)
TCP:   4 (estab 1, closed 0, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 3

Transport Total     IP        IPv6
*         48        -         -        
RAW       0         0         0        
UDP       5         5         0        
TCP       4         4         0        
INET      9         9         0        
FRAG      0         0         0        

[root@localhost ~]# 

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說明:

列出當前的established, closed, orphaned and waiting TCP sockets

 

實例3:列出全部打開的網絡鏈接端口

命令:

ss -l

輸出:

 

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ss -l
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*       
0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*       
0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*       
[root@localhost ~]#  

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說明:

 

實例4:查看進程使用的socket

命令:

ss -pl

輸出:

 

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[root@localhost ~]# ss -pl
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              127.0.0.1:smux                                                    *:*        users:(("snmpd",2716,8))
0      0                                                      *:3690                                                    *:*        users:(("svnserve",3590,3))
0      0                                                      *:ssh                                                     *:*        users:(("sshd",2735,3))
[root@localhost ~]#

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說明:

 

實例5:找出打開套接字/端口應用程序

命令:

ss -lp | grep 3306

輸出:

 

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[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 1935
0      0                            *:1935                          *:*        users:(("fmsedge",2913,18))
0      0                    127.0.0.1:19350                         *:*        users:(("fmsedge",2913,17))
[root@localhost ~]# ss -lp|grep 3306
0      0                            *:3306                          *:*        users:(("mysqld",2871,10))
[root@localhost ~]# 

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說明:

 

實例6:顯示全部UDP Sockets

命令:

ss -u -a

輸出:

 

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ss -u -a
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
UNCONN     0      0                                         127.0.0.1:syslog                                             *:*       
UNCONN     0      0                                                 *:snmp                                               *:*       
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.120.203:39641                                  10.58.119.119:domain 
[root@localhost ~]#

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說明:

 

實例7:顯示全部狀態爲established的SMTP鏈接

命令:

ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
[root@localhost ~]#

說明:

 

實例8:顯示全部狀態爲Established的HTTP鏈接

命令:

ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 

輸出:

 

[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                     Local Address:Port                                         Peer Address:Port   
0      0                                              75.126.153.214:2164                                        192.168.10.42:http    
[root@localhost ~]# 

說明:

 

實例9:列舉出處於 FIN-WAIT-1狀態的源端口爲 80或者 443,目標網絡爲 193.233.7/24全部 tcp套接字

命令:

ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24

輸出:

說明:

 

實例10:用TCP 狀態過濾Sockets:

命令:

ss -4 state FILTER-NAME-HERE 

ss -6 state FILTER-NAME-HERE

輸出:

[root@localhost ~]#ss -4 state closing 
Recv-Q Send-Q                                                  Local Address:Port                                                      Peer Address:Port 
1      11094                                                  75.126.153.214:http                                                      192.168.10.42:4669 

 

說明:

FILTER-NAME-HERE 能夠表明如下任何一個:

established

syn-sent

syn-recv

fin-wait-1

fin-wait-2

time-wait

closed

close-wait

last-ack

listen

closing

 

all : 全部以上狀態

connected : 除了listen and closed的全部狀態

synchronized :全部已鏈接的狀態除了syn-sent

bucket : 顯示狀態爲maintained as minisockets,如:time-wait和syn-recv.

big : 和bucket相反.

 

實例11:匹配遠程地址和端口號

命令:

ss dst ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss dst 192.168.1.5

ss dst 192.168.119.113:http 

ss dst 192.168.119.113:smtp 

ss dst 192.168.119.113:443

輸出:

 

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:20229   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61056   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:61623   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:60924   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16050                                192.168.119.113:43701   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:32930   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16073                                192.168.119.113:49318   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:http
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
[root@localhost ~]# ss dst 192.168.119.113:3844
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16014                                192.168.119.113:3844    
[root@localhost ~]# 

複製代碼

說明:

 

實例12:匹配本地地址和端口號

命令:

ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

ss src 192.168.119.103

ss src 192.168.119.103:http

ss src 192.168.119.103:80

ss src 192.168.119.103:smtp

ss src 192.168.119.103:25

輸出:

 

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# ss src 192.168.119.103:16021
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63054   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:62894   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:63055   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:2274    
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44784   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:7233    
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.103:58660   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                192.168.119.201:44822   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56737   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:57487   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56736   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64652   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56586   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:64653   
ESTAB      0      0                                   192.168.119.103:16021                                     10.2.1.206:56587   
[root@localhost ~]# 

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說明:

 

實例13:將本地或者遠程端口和一個數比較

命令:

ss dport OP PORT 

ss sport OP PORT

輸出:

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[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport \> :1024 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport \> :1024 
[root@localhost ~]# ss sport \< :32000 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  sport eq :22 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  dport != :22 
[root@localhost ~]# ss  state connected sport = :http 
[root@localhost ~]# ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24

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說明:

ss dport OP PORT 遠程端口和一個數比較;ss sport OP PORT 本地端口和一個數比較。

OP 能夠表明如下任意一個: 

<= or le : 小於或等於端口號

>= or ge : 大於或等於端口號

== or eq : 等於端口號

!= or ne : 不等於端口號

< or gt : 小於端口號

> or lt : 大於端口號

 

實例14:ss 和 netstat 效率對比

命令:

time netstat -at

time ss

輸出:

 

複製代碼

[root@localhost ~]# time ss   
real    0m0.739s
user    0m0.019s
sys     0m0.013s
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# time netstat -at
real    2m45.907s
user    0m0.063s
sys     0m0.067s
[root@localhost ~]#

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說明:

用time 命令分別獲取經過netstat和ss命令獲取程序和概要佔用資源所使用的時間。在服務器鏈接數比較多的時候,netstat的效率徹底無法和ss比。

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