Bash內置了對整數四則運算的支持,可是並不支持浮點運算,而bc命令能夠很方便的進行浮點運算,固然整數運算也再也不話下。手冊頁上說bc是An arbitrary precision calculator language,即一個任意精度的計算語言,注意是一種語言,它提供了一些語法結構,好比條件判斷、循環等,能夠說是很強大的,可是我在實際中尚未找到須要這個用途的場合 。另一個用途就是用來進行進制轉換。html
通常狀況下,咱們使用不帶任何參數的bc命令。web
bcshell
若是須要bc不輸出提示信息,能夠加上-q參數:windows
bc -qcentos
若是要使用強大的數學庫,好比計算三角函數,須要加上-l參數:bash
bc -l函數
由於bc自己是一個命令解釋器,要退出它只要直接輸入quit回車或者按Ctrl+D終止。ui
[root@localhost centos39]# bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
3+4
7
3-4
-1
3*4
12
3/4
0
scale=2;3/4 # 保留小數點精度只對除法、取餘、乘冪有效
.75
3/4
.75
3%4
0
scale=0
3%4
3
3^4
81spa
Ctrl+D
[root@localhost centos39]#命令行
[root@localhost centos39]# echo 3 * 4 | bc
(standard_in) 1: parse error
[root@localhost centos39]# echo "3 * 4" | bc
12
[root@localhost centos39]# echo "scale=7; 355/113" | bc
3.1415929
[root@localhost centos39]#
Note:以上的例子我試過了,在個人機子裏(windows xp sp3)是不能正常運行的,應該是吧echo後面的雙引號無掉!!!
[root@rhel55 ~]# echo "ibase=16; FFFF" | bc
65535
[root@rhel55 ~]# echo "obase=16; 1000" | bc
3E8
[root@rhel55 ~]#
[root@rhel55 ~]# cat test.bc
123*321
123/321
scale=4;123/321
[root@rhel55 ~]# bc test.bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
39483
0
.3831
Ctrl+D
[root@rhel55 ~]#
[root@rhel55 ~]# cat test.bc | bc
39483
0
.3831
[root@rhel55 ~]#
先複習一下初中的知識:b表示三角形的底,h表示三角形的高,那麼三角形的面積計算公式是b*h/2 。
文件 :area_of_triangle.sh
#!/bin/bash # Shell program/script to read the base and height of a traingle and find its area # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Copyright (c) 2005 nixCraft project <http://cyberciti.biz/fb/> # This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC) # Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information. # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Formula info: http://www.mste.uiuc.edu/dildine/heron/triarea.html # Area=(1/2) x Base x Height echo -n "Enter base of a triangle : " read b echo -n "Enter height of a triangle : " read h # calculate it and display back area=$(echo "scale=2;(1/2) * $b * $h"|bc) echo "Area of a triangle is $area"
[root@smsgw academic]# ./area_of_triangle.sh
Enter base of a triangle : 123
Enter height of a triangle : 321
Area of a triangle is 19741.50
[root@smsgw academic]#
# usage: calc_sum <num1> <num2> # 計算兩個數的和 calc_sum() { bc -q <<EOF $1+$2 EOF } # usage: calc_free <count> # 計算費用,單價0.05元 calc_fee() { bc -q <<EOF 0.05*$1 EOF }
將以上代碼粘貼到終端。
[root@web ~]# # usage: calc_sum <num1> <num2>
[root@web ~]# # 計算兩個數的和
[root@web ~]# calc_sum()
> {
> bc -q <<EOF
> $1+$2
> EOF
> }
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]# # usage: calc_free <count>
[root@web ~]# # 計算費用,單價0.05元
[root@web ~]# calc_fee()
> {
> bc -q <<EOF
> 0.05*$1
> EOF
> }
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]#
[root@web ~]# calc_sum 123 321
444
[root@web ~]# calc_fee 1000
50.00
[root@web ~]#
有文章稱能夠計算100位的圓周率pi值。
[root@web ~]# echo "scale=100; a(1)*4" | bc
Runtime error (func=(main), adr=11): Function a not defined.
[root@web ~]# echo "scale=100; a(1)*4" | bc -l 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\ 8164062862089986280348253421170676 [root@web ~]#