1. PowerMock是什麼?
PowerMock是一個Java模擬框架,用於解決測試問題。java
舉個例子,你在使用Junit進行單元測試時,並不想讓測試數據進入數據庫,怎麼辦?這個時候就能夠使用PowerMock,攔截數據庫操做,並模擬返回參數。數據庫
2. PowerMock包引入
<!-- PowerMock JUnit 4.4+ Module --> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- PowerMock Mockito2 API --> <dependency> <groupId>org.powermock</groupId> <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
3. 重要註解說明
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) // 告訴JUnit使用PowerMockRunner進行測試 @PrepareForTest({RandomUtil.class}) // 全部須要測試的類列在此處,適用於模擬final類或有final, private, static, native方法的類 @PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*") //爲了解決使用powermock後,提示classloader錯誤
4. 示例
4.1 普通Mock
/***********************Prepare****************************/api
public interface MockMapper {
public int count(MockModel model);app
}框架
@Service
public class MockServiceImpl {
@Autowired
private MockMapper mockMapper;
public int count(MockModel model) {
return mockMapper.count(model);
}
}dom
/*****************************************************/單元測試
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) // 告訴JUnit使用PowerMockRunner進行測試 @PrepareForTest({MockUtil.class}) // 全部須要測試的類列在此處,適用於模擬final類或有final, private, static, native方法的類 @PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*") //爲了解決使用powermock後,提示classloader錯誤 public class MockExample { // 將@Mock註解的示例注入進來 @InjectMocks private MockServiceImpl mockService; @Mock private MockMapper mockMapper; /** * mock普通方法 */ @Test public void testSelectAppAdvertisementList() { MockModel model = new MockModel(); PowerMockito.when(mockMapper.count(model)).thenReturn(2); Assert.assertEquals(2, mockService.count(model)); } }
2. Mock靜態方法
/************************Prepare****************************/ public class MockUtil { private static final Random random = new Random(); public static int nextInt(int bound) { return random.nextInt(bound); } } /***************************************************/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) // 告訴JUnit使用PowerMockRunner進行測試
@PrepareForTest({MockUtil.class}) // 全部須要測試的類列在此處,適用於模擬final類或有final, private, static, native方法的類
@PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*") //爲了解決使用powermock後,提示classloader錯誤
public class MockExample {
@Test
public void testStaticMethod() {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(MockUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(MockUtil.nextInt(10)).thenReturn(7);
Assert.assertEquals(7, MockUtil.nextInt(10));
}
}
3. Mock方法內new出來的對象
/****************************************************/ public boolean makeFile(String path) { File file = new File(path); return file.exists(); } /****************************************************/ @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) // 告訴JUnit使用PowerMockRunner進行測試 @PrepareForTest({MockUtil.class, MockServiceImpl.class}) // 全部須要測試的類列在此處,適用於模擬final類或有final, private, static, native方法的類 @PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*") //爲了解決使用powermock後,提示classloader錯誤 public class MockExample { // 將@Mock註解的示例注入進來 @InjectMocks private MockServiceImpl mockService; @Test public void testNewObject() throws Exception { File file = PowerMockito.mock(File.class); PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments("abc").thenReturn(file); PowerMockito.when(file.exists()).thenReturn(true); Assert.assertTrue(mockService.makeFile("abc")); } }